规范化外科营养诊疗示范病房标准

Standards of standardized surgical nutritional diagnosis and treatment ward

外科手术患者营养不良发生率高,围手术期的禁食禁水、有创操作、手术打击、长期卧床等因素均会导致机体分解代谢增加、炎症反应加剧、蛋白质稳态失衡,进一步加重营养不良。营养不良不仅影响手术治疗的临床决策,还会增加并发症发生率和病死率,降低患者的生活质量,影响患者的临床结局。合理、有效、规范的外科营养治疗可以改善患者能量平衡,增加生理储备,加速术后康复。外科医师对营养治疗的理解尚不充分,存在应用不足与应用过度并存的现象。因此,建立外科营养治疗规范化标准显得尤为重要。本标准旨在建立完善的外科营养规范化管理体系,推动外科营养治疗的合理应用,在防治营养不良,维护患者医疗安全,提高患者生活质量,节约医疗费用等方面具有重要意义。希望本标准的发布能够为我国外科营养治疗提供理论指导,为提高我国临床营养及加速康复外科事业的发展贡献力量。

The incidence of malnutrition in surgical patients is high. Perioperative fasting and water restriction, invasive operation,surgical strike, long-term bed rest and other factors will lead to increased catabolism, intensified inflammatory response, imbalance of protein homeostasis, thus aggravate malnutrition. Malnutrition not only affects the clinical decision of surgical treatment, but also increases the incidence of complications and mortality, reduces the quality of life, and affects the clinical outcomes. Reasonable,effective, and standard surgical nutritional therapy can improve the energy balance, increase physiological reserve, and speed up postoperative recovery. Surgeons’ understanding of nutritional therapy is not sufficient nowadays, and there exists the phenomenon of underapplication and overapplication. Therefore, it is particularly important to establish the standard of surgical nutritional therapy.This standard aims to establish a standardized management system of surgical nutrition, promote the rational application of surgical nutrition therapy, which is of great significance in preventing and treating malnutrition, maintaining medical safety of patients,improving the quality of life of patients, and saving medical costs. It is hoped that this standard can provide theoretical guidance for surgical nutrition treatment and contribute to the improvement of clinical nutrition and the acceleration of the development of enhanced recovery after surgery in China.