人工智能与物联网在大气科学领域中的应用

Application of artificial intelligence and internet of things in atmospheric science

近年来人工智能和物联网等新兴技术在众多领域中取得了突破性进展,为大数据时代带来革命性的改变.与传统方法相比,人工智能和物联网技术因其在数据的获取、传输、分析和处理等方面具有显著的优势,在大气科学领域引起了广泛的关注.在全球极端天气事件、气象灾害频发的背景下,本文通过文献调研指出了运用人工智能与物联网相结合发展智慧气象的必要性.在简要介绍人工智能和物联网关键技术、应用场景的基础上,本文回顾了人工智能在大气科学领域的发展历程,从观测识别、数据处理、天气气候分析预报、商业行业应用四个方面总结了人工智能在该领域的研究现状,重点分析了深度学习方法的应用;从综合观测、灾害预警、气象服务三个方面介绍了物联网在大气科学领域的运用;并且进一步分析总结出了人工智能和物联网在大气科学领域融合发展、应用的新趋势.

Artificial Intelligence and Internet of Things, regarded as popular technical, have made great breakthroughs in theory and application in many fields, which bring revolutionary changes for the era of big data. Obviously, atmospheric science, which has obtained decades of detection data through various detection methods, has the typical characteristics of big data. Compared with traditional methods, such as statistical forecast methods, numerical weather prediction, Artificial Intelligence and Internet of Things technologies have attracted extensive attention in the field of atmospheric science because of their significant advantages in data acquisition, transmission, analysis and processing. Under the background of the frequent occurrence of extreme weather-climate events and meteorological disasters all around the globe in recent years, this article points out the necessity of using Artificial Intelligence and Internet of Things to develop climate-smart through literature research from the perspective of fusion of subjects. On the basis of a brief introduction to the key technologies and application scenarios of Artificial Intelligence and the Internet of Things, this article reviews the development of Artificial Intelligence in atmospheric science and summarized the research status of it in this field from four aspects, i.e., observation identification, data processing, weather/climate analysis and forecast, and application of commercial industry application, with emphasis on the analysis of the application of deep learning methods. This article also introduces the application of the Internet of things in this field from three aspects, i.e., comprehensive observation, disaster early-warning and meteorological service. In addition, this article further analyses and summaries the new trend of integrated development and synthetic application of Artificial Intelligence and the Internet of Things in atmospheric science.