中国居民慢性呼吸道症状流行情况及其影响因素分析

Prevalence of chronic respiratory symptoms and dyspnea and related factors in residents in China

目的探讨我国≥40岁居民慢性咳嗽、慢性咳痰、呼吸困难流行情况及其影响因素,为慢性呼吸系统疾病防控提供基础数据。方法数据来源于2014-2015年中国居民慢性阻塞性肺疾病监测,通过面对面询问调查的方式收集调查对象慢性呼吸道症状信息。采用复杂抽样加权方法估计我国≥40岁居民慢性咳嗽、慢性咳痰、呼吸困难和慢性呼吸道症状流行率及其95%CI,并分析其影响因素。结果75082名调查对象纳入分析。我国≥40岁居民慢性咳嗽、慢性咳痰、呼吸困难和慢性呼吸道症状流行率分别为3.75%(95%CI:3.38%~4.11%)、5.83%(95%CI:5.40%~6.26%)、2.45%(95%CI:2.02%~2.87%)、8.93%(95%CI:8.25%~9.62%)。慢性呼吸系统疾病患者的慢性咳嗽、慢性咳痰、呼吸困难和慢性呼吸道症状流行率较高,分别为10.27%、13.85%、6.43%、20.72%。多因素logistic回归分析结果显示,年龄、地区、文化程度、职业、BMI、呼吸系统疾病家族史、儿童期严重呼吸道感染史、吸烟状况、职业有害因素暴露史影响慢性咳嗽、慢性咳痰、呼吸困难的流行。3种慢性呼吸道症状流行率均随年龄增长而增加,西部地区、吸烟者、有儿童期严重呼吸道感染史、室内生物燃料暴露、职业有害因素暴露史、体重较轻或肥胖者的3种慢性呼吸道症状流行率高。结论我国≥40岁居民慢性呼吸道症状流行水平较高,多种因素影响慢性呼吸道症状的流行状况。应针对可改变的行为危险因素采取综合防控措施,减少其疾病负担。

Objective To understand the prevalence of chronic cough,chronic expectoration and dyspnea and related factors in residents aged≥40 years in China,and provide basic data for the prevention and control of chronic respiratory diseases.Methods Data were from 2014-2015 chronic obstructive pulmonary disease surveillance in China.The information about chronic respiratory symptoms were collected by face-to-face interview.The prevalence rates of chronic cough,chronic expectoration,dyspnea and chronic respiratory symptoms and their 95%CI were estimated with complex sampling weights.Results A total of 75082 subjects were included in the analysis.The prevalence rates of chronic cough,chronic expectoration,dyspnea and chronic respiratory symptoms in the Chinese aged≥40 years were 3.75%(95%CI:3.38%-4.11%),5.83%(95%CI:5.40%-6.26%),2.45%(95%CI:2.02%-2.87%)and 8.93%(95%CI:8.25%-9.62%),respectively.The prevalence rates of chronic cough,chronic expectoration,dyspnea and chronic respiratory symptoms in patients with chronic respiratory diseases were relatively higher,which were 10.27%,13.85%,6.43%,20.72%respectively.Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that age,region,education level,occupation,BMI,family history of respiratory diseases,history of severe respiratory infections in childhood,exposure to dust or chemicals in workplace and smoking status affected the prevalence of chronic cough,chronic expectoration and dyspnea.The prevalence of the three types of chronic respiratory symptoms increased significantly with age,which were higher in western region,smokers and underweight/obese subjects.The three prevalence rates mentioned above were higher in those with a history of severe respiratory infection in childhood,those exposed to biomass fuel in household,and those exposed to dust or chemicals in workplace.Conclusions The prevalence rate of chronic respiratory symptoms was high in residents aged≥40 years in China.Many factors affected the prevalence of chronic respiratory symptoms.Comprehensive prevention and control measures targeting risk factors should be taken to reduce the burden of chronic respiratory diseases.