肥胖对儿童青少年健康影响的研究进展

Research progress on the impact of obesity on children and adolescents’health

肥胖是能量代谢失衡,导致全身脂肪堆积过多、体重超常的一种慢性营养性疾病。体质指数(BMI)通常被作为评定肥胖等级的一种方法,我国参考的标准是BMI≥28认定为肥胖。近年来,儿童青少年肥胖率在全球范围内呈上升趋势,已经成为全球重要的公共卫生问题,应当受到全世界范围内的高度关注。肥胖不仅影响儿童的正常生长发育,最严重的后果是对机体造成长期持续性危害。本文述评了儿童青少年肥胖增加成年期疾病的患病风险,是诱发高血压、2型糖尿病、非酒精性脂肪肝病重要危险因素,指明了上述慢性病与肥胖的关联,同时为了预防成年期疾病的发生对肥胖儿童提出合理化的积极建议。本综述希望通过提高全人群对于儿童青少年肥胖的认知能力,同时应当实施各种形式的健康教育,帮助每个家庭建立积极健康的生活方式,并呼吁相关部门制订科学有效的儿童青少年肥胖防控策略。

Obesity is a chronic nutritional disease that causes unbalanced energy metabolism,resulting in the excessive accumulation of body fat and overweight.Body mass index(BMI)is usually used as a method to evaluate the level of obesity.BMI≥28 is recognized as obesity in China.In recent years,The prevalence of obesity has increased globally among children and adolescents,and it has become an important global public health problem,which deserves great attention.Obesity affects the normal growth and development of children,and the most serious consequence is long-term continuous harm to the body.This article reviews the risk of obesity in children and adolescents.It is an important risk factor for hypertension,type 2 diabetes,non-alcoholic fatty liver disease.And the article illuminates the relationship between the chronic diseases above and obesity.At the same time,we put forward reasonable and positive suggestions for obese children to prevent the occurrence of adult diseases.This review hopes to improve the entire population’s cognition of obesity,implement health education,promote each family to establish an active and healthy lifestyle,and calls on relevant departments to formulate scientific and effective strategies for the prevention and control of obesity in children and adolescents.