人工合成翡翠研究进展

Synthesis of Jadeite:Review and Perspective

几个世纪以来,随着工艺技术以及珠宝行业的蓬勃发展,有着“玉石之王”之称的翡翠在装饰和收藏方面的需求量日益激增。但翡翠在自然界中的形成条件极其苛刻,导致其供应量难以满足人们的需求。因此,人工翡翠合成技术的发展对于解决天然翡翠供给不足的问题大有裨益,不仅能够推进翡翠高产化,还能加快其市场化进程。现有的人工合成翡翠的主流工艺大多采用高温高压法,该方法的关键是翡翠前体的合成以及玻璃质非晶硬玉到硬玉的转化。在这个过程中,找到一种条件相对温和的翡翠前体合成方法成为了人工合成翡翠的难点和突破点。本文论述了近年来国内外翡翠合成的最新研究热点和应用情况,着重介绍了固相烧结法、化学合成法和溶胶凝胶法三种翡翠前体常规制备技术。并从不同的制备技术路线出发,评估了各种方法的优缺点,同时对未来人工合成翡翠领域的发展进行了展望。

Over the centuries,with the vigorous development of craftsmanship and the jewelry industry,the demand of jadeite,known as the“king of jade”,has increased sharply in decoration and collection.However,the formation conditions of jadeite in nature are extremely harsh,which makes it difficult for its supply to meet people’s needs.Therefore,the development of jadeite synthesis technology is of great benefit to the problem of insufficient supply of natural jadeite.It can not only promote the high yield of jadeite,but also can accelerate its marketization process.High temperature and high pressure method has been widely used to synthesize artificial jadeite.The key to this method is the synthesis of jadeite precursors and the conversion of vitreous amorphous jadeite to jadeite.In this process,to prepare the jadeite precursor under a relatively mild condition is thus a key point,but several challenges still remained.This review discusses the latest research hotspots and applications of jadeite synthesis at home and abroad in recent years,focusing on three conventional preparation techniques for jadeite precursors:solid-phase sintering method,chemical synthesis method and sol-gel method.At the same time,the advantages and disadvantages of various methods are evaluated,and the future development of artificial synthetic jadeite is also prospected.