郑州市某医院1386例手外伤患者的流行病学特征

Epidemiological characteristics of 1 386 cases of hand trauma in a hospital of Zhengzhou

目的 了解郑州人民医院收治手外伤的流行病学特征,为针对性防护和治疗提供依据。方法 收集2019年6月至2020年12月于郑州人民医院就诊治疗的手外伤患者的资料,从患者的一般情况、受伤类型、伤时情况、经济负担等方面进行描述性流行病学分析。结果 共纳入1 368例手外伤患者,男∶女为2.44∶1,20~39岁(52.22%)患者最多,职业以工人(29.39%)为主,高中及中技学历(34.20%)最多,市医保患者(33.76%)最多,91.45%的患者为右利手;因工受伤的患者(42.54%)最多,左侧肢体受伤多于右侧,手指部位受伤的患者(55.26%)最常见,拇指受伤(21.19%)占比最高,开放伤中切割伤(46.39%)与挤压伤(17.03%)占比较高,受伤程度多为轻中度;春夏季及一天中10时与16时受伤的患者较多,多因注意力不集中(42.98%)致伤,53.07%的患者在伤后1 h内来院就诊;中位治疗总花费为8 933元,其中手术及治疗费(40.41%)占比最高,拥有复合保险的患者平均报销比例(141.46%)最高。结论 本地区手外伤具有一定的流行病学特征,可据此排查高风险因素,对高发人群进行安全教育以减少手外伤的发生;保险的购置完善可以减轻患者的经济负担。

Objective To understand the epidemiological characteristics of hand trauma admitted to Zhengzhou People’s Hospital to provide a basis for targeted protection and treatment. Methods The data of patients with hand trauma admitted to Zhengzhou People’s Hospital for treatment from June 2019 to December 2020 were collected, and descriptive epidemiological analysis was performed in terms of patients’ general condition, injury type, injury situation, and economic burden. Results A total of 1 368 patients with traumatic hand injuries were included, with a male to female ratio of 2.44∶1, the largest number of patients aged 20~39 years(52.22%), the largest number of occupations were workers(29.39%), the largest number of patients had high school or secondary technical education(34.20%), the largest number of patients had municipal health insurance(33.76%), and 91.45%of patients were right-handed. The largest number of patients were injured at work(42.54%). Injuries to the left side of the limb were more common than the right side, injuries to the fingers(55.26%) were the most common, injuries to the thumb(21.19%) accounted for the highest percentage,among open injuries, cuts(46.39%) and crush injuries(17.03%) accounted for a higher percentage, and the degree of injury was mostly mild to moderate;more patients were injured in spring and summer and at 10:00 and 16:00 of the day, mostly due to inattentiveness(42.98%) and 53.07% of patients came to the hospital within 1 hour after injury. The median total cost of treatment was RMB 8 933 yuan, among which, surgery and treatment(40.41%) accounted for the highest percentage, and the average reimbursement ratio(141.46%) was highest for patients with compound insurance.Conclusion Hand trauma in this region has certain epidemiological characteristics, according to which, high-risk factors can be identified, and safety education can be provided to the high-risk group to reduce the occurrence of hand trauma;adequate insurance can reduce the impact caused by hand trauma on life and work.