拟人化与约翰·瑞恩的植物生态批评

Anthropomorphism and John Ryan’s Phytocriticism

约翰·瑞恩在西方生态批评第四波浪潮中提出“植物批评”,关注了植物转向中的拟人化问题。植物的感知论、灵魂观以及“与人共生”论构成其植物生态批评拟人化的理论基础。瑞恩进一步指出植物不仅具有叙事能力,且在此过程中,拟人化具有必然性,而“策略拟人”有助于植物叙事超越人类生活。拟人化与“植物移情”在情感、知识与哲学三个层面对人思考自身与植物世界乃至自然关系具有积极意义。

John Ryan proposed "Phytocriticism" in the fourth wave of western ecocriticism,focusing on the anthropomorphism in the turn of plants.The theory of plant perception,the theory of soul and the theory of "symbiosis with man" constitute the theoretical basis of the anthropomorphism of vegetal ecocriticism.Ryan further pointed out that plants not only have narrative ability,but also in this process,anthropomorphism is inevitable,and "strategic anthropomorphism" helps plants to transcend human life.Anthropomorphism and "plant empathy" are of positive significance to people’s thinking about the relationship between themselves and the plant world and even the nature at three levels:emotion,knowledge and philosophy.