集群内企业知识获取倾向与创新能力构建关系研究——以博望工业集群为例

Study on Relationship Between Intention of Knowledge Acquisition and Firms’ Innovation Capability:Taking Bowang Industrial Cluster as an Example

企业外部知识由于其更高的异质性而对企业创新能力构建具有重要价值。然而,囿于方法论的局限现有研究并未对知识异质性到底对企业创新能力构建产生怎样影响给出一致性答案。据此,将研究情境置于集群背景下以控制集群内企业面对知识的异质性程度,利用安徽博望刀具刃具工业集群内121家规上制造企业知识流动与创新相关数据,采用层次回归与Boostrap法,探索异质性条件下不同知识流动行为对企业创新能力的影响。研究发现:集群企业创新能力的提升主要依赖于对集群溢出的较低异质性程度的知识获取与整合利用;丰沛的知识溢出环境下,集群企业知识流入呈现出较为典型的“趋易避难”“取廉舍贵”的行为取向特征;适度异质性程度的知识流入,才能通过有效激活企业知识整合能力进而提升创新能力。本研究解释了集群企业创新能力提升的知识来源,并从企业行为选择视角揭示了集群产生锁定的微观基础。

It is important for a firm to acquire heterogeneous knowledge which exists usually out of the firm. However,it has not reached a consensus on how heterogeneous knowledge affects a firm to construct innovation capabilities in the extant literature for the limit of methodology. In order to identify the role of knowledge heterogeneity played in a firm’s innovation capability leveraging, an industrial cluster was taken to control the variable of heterogeneity of knowledge in-flowed. Using the relevant data of knowledge flow and innovation of 121 firms belonging to Anhui Bowang cutting tool industrial cluster, the hierarchical regressive model and Bootstrap method were to explore the effects of different modes of knowledge in-flowed using on a firm’s innovation capability. It is found that a firm belonging to a specific cluster prefers to make use of knowledge spilled from other firms rather than that transferred from other firms. Furthermore, a firm prefers to have“free lunch”with least efforts under the condition full of relevant knowledge with less heterogeneity. Actually, moderately heterogeneous knowledge acquirement may activate a firm to conduct knowledge integration to leverage its innovation capabilities. The findings give an alternative explaining of sourcing for firms innovation capabilities’ leveraging in a specific cluster from knowledge-based view, and disclose the micro-foundation of why firms in a cluster will become more and more homogeneous and result the phenomena of a cluster’s lock down from the firms’ behavioral perspective.