重庆市渝中区2015-2020年流感样病例病原学监测结果分析

Analysis of the results of influenza cases pathogenic monitoring in Yuzhong District of Chongqing from 2015 to 2020

目的 掌握重庆渝中区流感的病原学流行趋势及其特征,为流感样疾病的防治和应对提供科学依据。方法 采用SAS9.4软件对重庆市渝中区流感哨点监测医院2015-2020年的监测数据进行描述和统计分析。结果 2015-2020年各年流感病毒阳性检出率不同(χ^(2)=268.20,P<0.000 1),阳性检出率最高的年份是2019年(29.12%),最低的年份是2020年(4.25%),且2020年仅在1-2月检出阳性标本。各年龄组流感病毒阳性检出率不同(χ^(2)=17.14,P=0.028 7),15岁以下年龄组的5年(2015-2019年)合计阳性检出率(23.40%)均高于其他年龄组。不同年龄组检出的流感亚型构成比不同(χ^(2)=121.47,P<0.000 1),15岁以下儿童和15~<25岁青少年感染的流感病毒以甲型H3N2为主,25~<35岁组感染以乙型Victoria系为主,35~<65岁以甲型H1N1为主,65岁及以上老年人以甲型H3N2为主。各年检出的各亚型流感病毒构成不同(χ^(2)=888.41,P<0.000 1),甲型H3N2流感病毒是2015-2017年的优势毒株,甲型H1N1是2018年的优势毒株,乙型Victoria系是2019-2020年的优势毒株,乙型Yamagata系仅在2015-2018年有检出。结论 2015-2020年不同亚型流感病毒有各自的流行规律。流感感染的最主要人群是学生和托幼机构儿童。

Objective To master the epidemic trend and etiological characteristics of influenza in Yuzhong district of Chongqing,so as to provide scientific basis for the prevention and control of influenza-like diseases.Methods The surveillance data of the influenza sentinel hospital in Yuzhong district of Chongqing from 2015 to 2020 were described and analyzed by SAS9.4 software.Results The influenza virus positive rate was significantly different in 2015-2020(χ^(2)=268.20,P<0.0001).The highest positive rate was in 2019(29.12%)and the lowest was in 2020(4.25%),and the positive samples were detected only from January to February in 2020.The influenza virus positive rate was significantly different among different age groups(χ^(2)=17.14,P=0.0287).The total positive rate in the age group under 15 years from 2015 to 2019(23.40%)was higher than that in other age groups.The composition ratio of influenza subtypes detected in different age groups was different(χ^(2)=121.47,P<0.0001).The dominant influenza viruses were influenza A(H3N2)in children under 15 and youth aged 15-<25,influenza B(Victoria)in people aged 25-<35,influenza A(H1N1)in people aged 34-<65 and influenza A(H3N2)in people aged 65 and above.The proportion of each subtype of influenza virus detected in each year was different(χ^(2)=888.41,P<0.0001).Influenza A(H3N2)was the dominant influenza strain in 2015-2017,influenza A(H1N1)in 2018 and influenza B(Victoria)in 2019-2020 and Yamagata B strain was detected only in 2015-2018.Conclusion Different subtypes of influenza viruses have their own epidemic regularity in 2015-2020.The main groups of influenza infection are students and children in kindergartens.