藏文马道文献中关于马的起源神话

Myths About the Origin of the Horse In Tibetan Literature

藏族神话文献中认为马的起源,始于雄鸟和母猴结合繁衍。根据考古发现,拉萨曲贡遗迹的灰坑H9里随葬的马下颌骨,至少证明了距今3500-4000多年的曲贡人已有殉马葬俗,在曲贡遗址发现的具有精神崇拜色彩的陶制猴面和鸟首,进一步证明了曲贡人的“崇猴”和“崇鸟”的习俗。根据这类出土文物和文献资料的记载,藏文马道文献中的马的起源神话很可能产生于曲贡文化时期,与曲贡人的殉马葬俗相伴而生。

According to Tibetan mythological literature,the origin of horse is the mating of male bird and female monkey to breed.In line with archaeological findings,the lower jaw bone of a horse buried in H9 of Chu-gong relic in Lhasa proves that Chu-gong people had the custom of sacrificing horses at least 3500 to 4000 years ago.The ceramic monkey face and bird head with spiritual worship color found in Chu-gong relic further proves the custom of“monkey worship”and“bird worship”of Chu-gong people.On the basis of unearthed cultural relics and literature records,the article holds that the origin myth of horse in Tibetan literature probably came into being in the Chu-gong culture period,and born with the burial custom of martyrdom horse of Chu-gong people.