重新解读代际正义的可能性--基于政治哲学史的比较研究

The Logical Possibility of Intergenerational Justice:A Comparative Study based on the History of Political Philosophy

国内既有的代际正义研究主要关注和阐释罗尔斯的理论,但是,采用更广阔的政治哲学史视角对休谟、边沁、康德和罗尔斯等学者的相关观点进行比较研究,有助于加深对代际正义内在逻辑和理论张力的理解。利己主义哲学认为自利是人类的天然权利,功利主义正义观认为正义的实现有赖于力量的博弈和利益的交换,上述观点对代际正义构成逻辑障碍。直到康德的义务论重置了正义和善在伦理学中的位置,以及罗尔斯在程序正义论中提出“无知之幕”下实现代际正义的正当决策程序,才最终完成代际正义可能性的证成。代际正义证成后又面临一些新的理论批判,但这并不妨碍其对当代社会价值观形成深远的影响,及其对我国践行“新发展”理念所具有的重要指导意义。

Most of the existing studies on intergenerational justice are limited to the interpretation of Rawls’theory.Based on the comparative study of the history of political philosophy,especially on the relative theories of Hume,Bentham,Kant,and Rawls,this paper reinterprets the internal logic of the theory of intergenerational justice,so as to reveal the theoretical tension of intergenerational justice.The philosophy of egoism holds that self-interest is the natural right of human beings and cannot be proved as intergenerational justice.The explanatory power of utilitarian view of justice is only valid between contemporaries,but lacks explanatory power in the sense of intergeneration.However,Kant’s deontology and Rawls’s procedural justice theory reset the position of“justice”and“good”in ethics,and put forward the due decision-making procedure to realize intergenerational justice under the“veil of ignorance”,thus finally prove the logic possibility of intergenerational justice.Though the theory of intergenerational justice has been criticized after it was proved,its practical value has responded to the criticism,especially the important guiding significance of intergenerational justice to the contemporary practice of the concept of“new development”and“green development”in China.