存在真正的“教义”吗:法教义的辨识与功用

Is There a Real"Doctrine":Identification of Legal Doctrine and Its Function

发展法教义学的前提在于恰当框定“教义”的范畴,即论证是否存在真正的教义。法教义应是为整体法规范所体现、所遵循的基本价值,应具权威、稳定、普适和否定禁止的特性,是从事任何与法相关活动的认知起点,公理教义论具有合理性。现行法律规范不无缺陷的客观现象,以及其受制于结果主义的自主自足的单向决定权威阙如,可以否证实在法教义论的一贯主张。法教义学所主张的“认真对待法律规范”当然包括基于法教义对实在法规范提出批评建议,使其和洽地融入整个价值体系。法教义学内部呈现出“法教义—整体规范—具体规范—知识体系—判例”的层次结构,在法教义的价值指引下围绕实在法形成的知识体系(狭义的法教义学)是连接法规范与具体案件的桥梁。“归纳”与“归入”是发展教义学知识体系不可或缺的两个步骤。

The premise of developing legal dogmatics lies in properly framing the category of“doctrine”,that is,demonstrating whether there is a real doctrine.Legal doctrine should be the basic value embodied and followed by the overall legal norms,with the characteristics of authority,stability,universality and denial of prohibition,and it is the cognitive starting point for any activities related to law.Axiomatic doctrine is reasonable.The objective phenomenon of the existing legal norms is not without defects,and its lack of independent and self-sufficient one-way decision authority,which is subject to consequentialism,can prove the consistent claim of legal doctrine.Legal dogmatics advocates“taking legal norms seriously”,of course,including criticizing and suggesting positive legal norms based on legal doctrines,so that they can be harmoniously integrated into the whole value system.legal dogmatics presents a hierarchical structure of“legal doctrine-overall norm-specific norm-knowledge system-legal precedent”,and the knowledge system formed around positive law under the guidance of the value of legal doctrine(narrow legal doctrine)is the bridge connecting legal norms with specific cases.The“induction”and“subsumption”are two indispensable steps to develop the knowledge system of the legal dogmatics.