“双碳”目标下大气环境光学监测技术发展机遇

Opportunities and Challenges for Development of Atmospheric Environmental Optics Monitoring Technique Under"Double Carbon"Goal

大气环境污染不仅影响气候变化,还严重威胁人类的生命健康。在“双碳”背景下,温室气体减排和大气污染治理具有显著的协同性,二者同根同源,都涉及大气成分的变化。大气环境问题的解决依赖于环境监测技术的发展。光学监测技术以其强扩展性和非接触、高灵敏、探测目标广的技术特点,在大气环境立体监测领域优势明显,且成为环境监测技术发展的主导方向。目前研究人员已基于卫星平台、地基平台和移动平台发展出了差分吸收光谱技术、激光雷达技术、光腔衰荡光谱技术、傅里叶变换红外光谱技术、可调谐半导体激光吸收光谱技术和气体扩张激光诱导荧光技术等一系列成熟的大气环境光学监测技术。此外,大气环境多平台天空地一体化立体监测技术在减污降碳中发挥了重要作用。推动监测设备的国产化及通过学科交叉融合促进监测技术走向立体化、自动化和智能化应用成为未来大气环境光学的主要发展方向。

Air pollution not only affects climate change,but also seriously threatens human life and health.In the background of“double carbon”,greenhouse gas emission reduction and air pollution control have significant synergy,and they have the same roots and both involve changes in atmospheric composition.The solution of atmospheric environmental problems depends on the development of environmental monitoring technology.Spectroscopy monitoring technology has obvious advantages in the field of atmospheric stereoscopic monitoring and has become the leading direction of the development of environmental monitoring technology based on its strong scalability,non-contact,high sensitivity,and wide detection targets.At present,a series of mature atmospheric optical monitoring technologies,such as differential optical absorption spectroscopy,lidar technique,cavity ring-down spectroscopy,Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy,tunable diode laser absorption spectroscopy,and laser induced fluorescence technology by gas expansion,have been developed based on satellite,ground-based,and mobile platforms.In addition,the atmospheric environmental space-air-ground integrated stereoscopic monitoring technology based on multiple platforms has played an important role in pollution and carbon reduction.Promoting the localization of monitoring equipment and the monitoring technology to stereoscopic,automated,and intelligent applications through interdisciplinary integration has become the main development direction of atmospheric environmental optics in the future.