云探测中的激光雷达技术研究进展

Research Progress of Lidar in Cloud Detection

云宏微观参数的探测对云物理和气候变化研究具有重要意义。激光雷达是实现云宏微观参数高时空分辨率探测的有效的重要科学仪器。回顾和总结了激光雷达在云参数探测中的主要技术及其研究进展,讨论了激光雷达在云探测研究中的不足和局限性及目前在云探测应用中亟待解决的关键问题,展望了激光雷达未来在云探测中的应用潜力,并提出了研究思路与方案。内容涉及云检测和云相态识别的多波长及偏振激光雷达和云内温度、湿度、风速风向与垂直气流探测等激光雷达技术与方法,分析讨论了云系降水潜力探测的激光雷达应用案例。激光雷达对于探测初生云团及稀薄云层具有较好的穿透性及精细探测优势,但对于强对流云等厚云层,需将其与其他探测手段如微波雷达等联合观测,并开展多源数据融合技术研究,以实现云全生命周期的精细化监测。随着激光与光电子技术和大数据及人工智能技术的发展,激光雷达技术日趋成熟,面向业务化应用所需的系统稳定性、可靠性及探测能力的激光雷达产品将越来越受到气象与环境领域行业专家的关注,并将在云探测领域中发挥越来越重要的作用。

The detection of cloud macro-and micro-parameters is of great significance to the study of cloud physics and climate change.Lidar is an effective scientific instrument to detect cloud macro-and micro-parameters with high temporal and spatial resolution.This paper reviews and summarizes the main technologies and research progress of lidars in cloud parameter detection,discusses the shortcomings and limitations of lidars in cloud detection and the key problems to be solved in cloud detection application,looks forward to the application potential of lidars in cloud detection in the future,and puts forward the research ideas and schemes.The content involves the multi-wavelength and polarization lidar technology for cloud detection and cloud phase recognition,the lidar technology for cloud temperature,humidity,wind speed,wind direction,vertical air flow detection,and so on.The application case of lidars for cloud precipitation potential detection is analyzed and introduced.Lidars have good penetration and fine detection advantages for detecting primary clouds and thin clouds,but for thick clouds such as strong convective clouds,it needs to be combined with other detection instrument,such as a microwave radar,and carry out research on multi-source data fusion technology,so as to realize fine monitoring of the whole life cycle of clouds.With the development of laser and optoelectronic technology and big data and artificial intelligence technology,lidar technology is becoming more and more reliable.Lidar products for system stability,reliability,and detection capability required for business applications will be paid more and more attention by industry experts in the field of meteorology and environment,and will play a more and more important role in the field of cloud detection.