节氢型炼油加工工艺技术进展

Development of hydrogen saving refining processing technology

“双碳”背景下,炼油厂的氢气平衡面临重构,开发推广节氢型工艺日益重要。节氢型工艺技术可以是依靠催化剂或工艺进步,提升传统加氢工艺氢气利用效率,减少氢耗;也可以是采用变革性替代工艺,大幅度降低氢耗甚至不消耗氢气。综述了各类节氢型工艺的特点:与传统生产过程相比,石脑油吸附分离工艺通过非加氢过程获取优质乙烯原料,减少氢耗;S Zorb工艺显著降低氢耗;喷气燃料液相加氢技术、柴油液相加氢技术取消了循环氢流程;柴油低氢耗高效改质技术、柴油吸附分离技术减少了氢耗;钠法脱硫技术在低氢耗条件下能得到理想的脱硫效果;微界面强化技术在提高加氢过程传质效率、减少氢气循环方面取得了良好效果。某炼油厂采用S Zorb工艺技术替代汽油选择性加氢工艺后,制氢装置产氢负荷由12.80 kt/a下降至5.73 kt/a。

Under the background of“double carbon”,the hydrogen producing-using balance of refineries is facing reconstruction.Developing and popularizing hydrogen saving process technology is becoming more and more important.Hydrogen saving process technology might be improving hydrogen utilization efficiency of traditional hydrogenation process and reduce hydrogen consumption of the unit relying on development of catalyst or process progress.Hydrogen saving process technology also might be developing innovative alternative processes to greatly reduce hydrogen consumption or even no hydrogen consumption.This paper summarizes the technical characteristics of various hydrogen saving processes.Compared with the traditional process,naphtha adsorption separation process obtains high-quality ethylene feedstock through non hydrogenation process and reduces hydrogen consumption;S Zorb process can significantly reduce hydrogen consumption;Jet fuel and diesel liquid phase hydrogenation technology cancels the circulating hydrogen process;Diesel low hydrogen consumption high efficiency upgrading technology and adsorption separation process reduces the hydrogen consumption;Sodium desulfurization technology can obtain ideal desulfurization effect under the condition of low hydrogen consumption;Micro interface strengthening mass transfer technology has achieved good results in improving mass transfer efficiency and reducing the hydrogen cycle.After a refinery adopted S Zorb to replace gasoline selective hydrogenation process,the hydrogen production load of hydrogen production unit decreases from 12,800 TPY to 5,730 TPY.