基于红外相机技术分析鼬獾的活动节律

Analysis of Activity Patterns of the Chinese Ferret Badger Using Infrared Camera Technology

鼬獾(Melogale moschata)是食肉目鼬科鼬獾属动物,在我国分布广泛、种群数量丰富,但有关鼬獾的生态研究报导比较少。为掌握鼬獾的活动节律及其影响因素,2017年2月至2019年2月,利用红外相机技术对江西省桃红岭梅花鹿国家级自然保护区、九岭山国家级自然保护区和齐云山国家级自然保护区的鼬獾进行了监测,每个保护区布设的相机数量均为60台。桃红岭、九岭山和齐云山保护区的累计相机工作日分别为14902日、24498日和13063日,拍摄到鼬獾的相机数分别为30台、32台和53台;鼬獾独立有效照片数分别为252张、196张和598张。拍摄率在齐云山(4.58张/日)最高,桃红岭(1.69张/日)次之,九岭山(0.80张/日)最低。鼬獾活动迹象最多和最少的月份,桃红岭为1月和12月,九岭山为3月、4月和9月,齐云山为3月和11月,鼬獾的出现次数均无显著的月际变化趋势(P>0.05);鼬獾为明显的夜行性动物,活动高峰时间段出现在0:00~05:00时和19:00~23:00时,无显著的季节性变化;鼬獾日活动节律在桃红岭和齐云山不同季节之间无显著差异,在九岭山的春季和秋季之间差异显著。本研究结果有助于进一步了解鼬獾的活动节律模式及其季节性变化,进一步了解鼬獾在自然状态下的生态习性,为对这一物种的保护和管理提供科技支撑。

[Objectives]The Chinese Ferret Badger(Melogale moschata)is an animal of the order Carnivora,and the family Mustelidae.It is widely distributed and has a rich population in China;however,there has been relatively little research into the ecology of the Chinese Ferret Badger.[Methods]To understand the activity patterns of the Chinese Ferret Badger and the factors that influence them,camera trapping was used to monitor the Ferret Badgers in the Taohongling Sika Deer National Nature Reserve(hereafter Taohongling),Jiulingshan National Nature Reserve(hereafter referred to as Jiuling Mountain),and Qiyunshan National Nature Reserve(hereafter referred to as Qiyun Mountain)in Jiangxi Province from February 2017 to February 2019.The number of cameras in each reserve was 60.[Results]The results showed that:(1)The cumulative number of days with working cameras in the Taohongling,Jiuling Mountain,and Qiyun Mountain nature reserves were 14902,24498,and 13063 respectively.The number of cameras that captured Chinese Ferret Badgers were 30,32,and 53.The number of effective,independent photos of Chinese Ferret Badgers were 252,196,and 598,respectively(Table 1).(2)The photographic rate was highest in Qiyun Mountain(4.58 photos per day),followed by Taohongling(1.69 photos per day),and Jiuling Mountain(0.80 photos per day)was the lowest.(3)The months with the most and least signs of activity in the three protected areas were Taohongling(January and December),Jiuling Mountain(March,April and September)and Qiyun Mountain(March and November).There was no significant monthly trend in the number of occurrences of Chinese Ferret Badgers(P>0.05)(Fig.2).(4)The peak time periods for activity in the three protected areas were all concentrated between 0:00﹣05:00 and 19:00﹣23:00,which indicates that the animals are nocturnal,and there was no significant seasonal change(Fig.3).(5)There was no significant difference in the daily activity patterns between Taohongling and Qiyun Mountain in different seasons,but there was a significant difference between spring and autumn in Jiuling Mountain(Table 2).[Conclusion]The results of this study help us to further understand the activity patterns(and their seasonal changes)of the Chinese Ferret Badger,to further understand the ecological habits of the Chinese Ferret Badger in its natural habitat,and they provide scientific and technological support for the protection and management of this species.