农民组织化与边区乡村建设--以晋冀鲁豫《人民日报》为主的考察

Farmers'Organization and Rural Construction in Liberated Areas——Investigation Based on the People's Daily of Shanxi,Hebei,Shandong and Henan

经过八年抗战,晋冀鲁豫广大乡村面临着生产崩溃、村落荒废、人口锐减、自然灾害频发等状况,急需建设。受20世纪二三十年代乡村建设运动和中国共产党乡村革命思想影响,晋冀鲁豫边区开始“组织起来”进行建设。通过历史文献法和对晋冀鲁豫《人民日报》的文本分析,探寻解放战争时期边区乡村建设的逻辑。研究认为,农民组织化是边区乡村建设的基础。具体表现在:政治上组织起来划阶级,分土地,健全农村基层组织;经济上,在“精确计算”之上组建各种合作社,发展生产;文化上,开展文艺活动,组织百姓进行冬学,转变落后思想;民事上,合作养老,发扬民主解决纠纷。这些措施充分体现出人民群众是乡村建设的主体,是历史的创造者。这一时期农民的组织化也为当今的乡村振兴提供了重要实践支撑和历史关照。

After eight years of the Anti-Japanese War,the vast rural areas of Shanxi,Hebei,Shandong and Henan are faced with the situation of production collapse,village waste,population sharp reduction,frequent natural disasters,etc.,and they are in urgent need of construction.Influenced by the rural construction movement in 1920s and 1930s and the rural revolutionary thought of the Communist Party of China,Shanxi Hebei Shandong Henan liberated areas began to"organize"for construction.Through the method of historical documents and the text analysis of People's Daily,this paper explores the logic of rural construction in liberated areas during the war of liberation.The results show that the organization of farmers is the foundation of rural construction in border areas.The specific performance is as follows:politically,organize to delimit classes,divide land,and improve rural grass-roots organizations;economically,set up all kinds of cooperatives on the basis of"accurate calculation"to develop production;culturally,carry out literary and artistic activities,organize the people to study in winter,and change backward ideas;in civil affairs,cooperate to provide for the aged and promote democracy to solve disputes.These measures are the main body of the people's construction.The organization of farmers in this period also provides important practical support and historical care for the revitalization of rural areas.