废旧尼龙再生技术的研究进展

Research Progress of Waste Nylon Recycling Technology

在科技日新月异的今天,可持续发展已成为世界各国的共识,合理高效地研究开发可再生资源已成为国内外的重要研究方向和热点。而随着在合成纤维中具有重要地位的尼龙的消费量不断增长,其废弃物的循环利用受到了学者们的广泛关注。综述了近些年国内外有关废旧尼龙类材料物理回收、化学解聚工艺的研究现状。重点介绍了几种主要的回收工艺,包括物理回收的溶解/再沉淀法、化学回收的水解、醇解、氨解及离子液体解聚等工艺,并对这几种工艺方法的优缺点进行了概述。最后,对废旧尼龙回收技术在工业生产上的实际应用问题进行了探讨,并明确指出了绿色溶剂溶解/再沉淀技术、亚/超临界性的流体解聚技术、固体超强酸催化解聚技术、离子液体解聚技术是未来的重点研究方向。

With the rapid development of science and technology,sustainable development has become the consensus of all countries in the world.Reasonable and efficient research and development of renewable resources has become the main research direction and hotspot at home and abroad.With the increasing consumption of nylon,which plays an important role in synthetic fiber,the recycling of its waste has attracted extensive scholars’attention.This paper reviews the research status of physical recovery and chemical depolymerization of waste nylon materials at home and abroad in recent years.Several main recovery processes are introduced,including dissolution/reprecipitation in physical recovery and hydrolysis,alcoholysis,ammonolysis,ionic liquid depolymerization in chemical recovery.The advantages and disadvantages of these processes are summarized.Finally,the practical application of waste nylon recovery technology in industrial production is discussed,and it is clearly pointed out that green solvent dissolution/reprecipitation technology,ultra(sub)critical fluid depolymerization technology,solid superacid catalytic depolymerization technology and ionic liquid depolymerization technology are the key research directions in the future.