老年性耳聋患者未选配助听器的影响因素分析

Factors Influencing Rejection of Hearing Aids in Patients with Presbycusis

目的 探讨具有助听器佩戴适应症的老年性耳聋患者未选配助听器的原因,为助听器精准验配提供理论依据。方法 对2018年10月至2019年12月在郑州大学第二附属医院耳鼻喉科就诊的老年性耳聋患者198例,均具有助听器佩戴适应症,其中未选配助听器组即试验组137例,已选配助听器组即对照组61例,收集所有患者的一般资料及听力学检查结果、采用老年性聋听力障碍量表(HHIE)评分及自制量表分析老年性耳聋患者未选配助听器最受影响的方面。结果 198例老年性聋患者纯音听阈平均阈值:左耳:实验组50.6 dB HL,对照组52.3 dB HL;右耳:试验组49.1 dB HL,对照组47.3 dB HL,试验组与对照组左右耳纯音测听平均阈值差异无统计学意义(P=0.063, P=0.057,P>0.05)。HHIE平均得分42.6分,试验组平均得分44.2分,对照组(未佩戴助听器下情况)平均得分37.8,两者差异具有统计学意义(P=0.01,P<0.05)。调查显示影响老年人未选配助听器的前三名因素为:舒适度(22.63%)、家人的支持(18.98%)、经济因素为(13.14%)。结论 老年性耳聋患者拒绝佩戴助听器原因复杂,佩戴的舒适度、家人支持及经济因素是常见原因。

Objective To identify reasons for rejection of hearing aids in candidates with presbycusis. Methods From October 2018 to December 2019, of the 198 patients with presbycusis seen at the Otorhinolaryngology Clinic,Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, who were appropriate hearing aids candidates, 137 rejected hearing aids fitting study groups and 61 were fitted(control group). General and audiological data were collected along with the Hearing Handicap Inventory for the Elderly(HHIE) score in all patients to analyze impacts on patients from hearing aids rejection. Results Between the study and control groups, the average pure tone hearing threshold was 50.6vs 52.3 dB HL in the left ear and 49.1 vs 47.3 dB HL in the right ear(P=0.063 and P=0.057). The average HHIE score was 44.2 for the study group and 37.8 for the control group(P=0.01). The top three factors affecting decision on hearing aids were comfort(22.63%), family support(18.98%) and economic factors(13.14%). Conclusion While reasons for rejecting hearing aids in patients with presbycusis are complicated, the common reasons are comfort, family support and economic factors.