“转折”之际与“经典”之前:1946-1949年的《围城》批评及其文学史意义

The Criticism of Fortress Besieged between 1946 and 1949 and Its Significance in the History of Modem Chinese Literature

通过考察《围城》于新中国成立前夕受到“左中右”臧否的时代际遇,本文旨在揭示1946—1949年的《围城》批评在中国现当代文学“转折”时期及小说经典化历程上的独特文学史意义。以自由主义文学观为基调的中间派与右翼方面虽初步概括了该作的成就与瑕疵,却未取得较高的理论建树;左翼作家的相关评说则既有偏激过火的批判,也有自成一家之言的创见。这既为后世“立此存照”般地展示了现代-当代文学转型之际自由主义与左翼文学批评范式的对峙情形,又作为《围城》批评的“起点”而映照出20世纪80年代的“经典追认”相当程度上正是对此前自由主义文学价值观的接续与重拾.

The reception of Qian Zhongshu’s novel Fortress Besieged before 1949 was swayed by the leftist,centrist and the rightist perspectives.This paper investigates the critiques of Fortress Besieged from 1946 to 1949 and discusses its significance in the transition period between the modem and the contemporary Chinese literary history and in the process of its canonization.The centrists and the right-wing critics,from the perspective of liberalism,preliminarily summarized the merits and demerits of the novel but had not achieved high theoretically,while the left-wing critics approached the novel with criticism varied from radical censure to ingenious observations.The reception of this novel may be seen as an example of the confrontation between the liberalist views and the left-wing views in literary criticism during the modem-contemporary transition period,and it proved that the canonization of Fortress Besieged was the continuation of the liberal values of literature.