加缪的永恒回归

The Eternal Return of Camus

阿尔贝·加缪在法国现当代文学史中的地位毋庸置疑,但他的哲学和政治思想却受到了几乎所有同时代法国哲学家的批评和排挤。然而,加缪对反抗与暴力、自由与正义之间关系的思考,却依然是当今法国知识界及时事辩论不断参考和讨论的对象。本文首先通过介绍加缪的个人经历、他与萨特在二战后的论战,以及在不同历史背景下对加缪思想的接受,来强调加缪在20世纪法国思想史上的特殊地位。随后,文章将重点讨论加缪在《反抗者》中提出的“正午思想”的两个核心要素:自主原则与节制。“正午思想”如何通过对希腊文化的借鉴和对“地中海”的想象成为一种“思辨的地理”?这一融合了政治、伦理和美学的沉思对以德国历史哲学和辩证法为主导的现代欧洲思想又提出了怎样的批判?

Albert Camus's achievements as a novelist and a playwright are uncontested in modem French literary history,but his political and ethical thought was ill-received and marginalized by almost all of his contemporaries.Camus’s reflections on the relationship between revolt and violence,between liberty and justice,however,remain an object of reference and continue to generate debates in current affairs.This paper first emphasizes Camus’s unique place in twentieth-century intellectual history by looking at Camus’s personal experience,the bitter dispute he had with Sartre after the Second World War,as well as the changing reception of Camus’s thought over time.The article will then focus on two core aspects of Camus’concept of the“pensee de midi”:“principle of autonomy”and“measure.”How does the recourse to ancient Greek culture and to the Mediterranean imagination transform the“pensee de midi”into a“speculative geography”that rethinks critically the German philosophy of history and dialectics?