技能人才激励政策、技能赋能与出口质量跃升--来自微观企业的证据

Incentive Policy for Skilled Personnel,Skill Empowerment and Export Quality Improvement--Evidence from Micro Enterprises

技能人才是支撑中国制造、提升出口质量的重要基础,如何应对技能人才结构性缺乏带来的挑战成为“十四五”规划的重中之重。本文通过手动统计政府技能人才补贴项目的情况并匹配2010-2014年中国工业企业数据库、制造业上市企业数据库与中国海关数据库,实证研究了技能人才激励政策对出口产品质量的影响。研究结果表明:技能人才激励政策作为培养创新型、技能型人才的重要举措,对出口质量具有一定的促进作用,相应的倾向匹配得分与稳健性检验进一步证明了研究结论的稳健性;从影响机制看,技能人才激励政策能够通过高技能人才集聚和非策略式创新双向路径带动企业出口质量的提升;在此基础上,该政策赋予的技能替代效应与技术载体效应共同促进了出口产品质量的提升。藉此,本文就如何深化技能人才激励政策、提升制造业企业出口质量,提出相应的政策建议。

As an important basis for supporting Chinese manufacturing and improving export quality-skilled talents,how to deal with the challenge brought by the structural lack of skilled talents has become the top priority of the"14th Five-Year Plan".This paper empirically studies the influence of skilled talent incentive policies on export product quality by manually counting government skilled talent subsidy programs and matching with China industrial Enterprise database,listed manufacturing enterprises database and China Customs database from 2010 to 2014.The results show that:as an important measure to cultivate innovative and skilled talents,the skill talent incentive policy has a certain positive effect on export quality,and the corresponding propensity matching score and robustness test further prove the robustness of the research conclusion;From the perspective of influence mechanism,skilled talent incentive policy can promote the export quality of enterprises through the two-way path of high-skilled talent aggregation and non-strategic innovation.On this basis,the skill substitution effect and technology carrier effect conferred by the policy jointly promote the improvement of export product quality.In this paper,how to deepen the incentive policy for skilled personnel,improve the export quality of manufacturing enterprises,put forward the corresponding policy suggestions.