低碳城市试点政策对全要素能源效率的影响机制和异质性研究

Impact mechanism and Heterogeneity of Low-Carbon Cities on Total Factor Energy Efficiency

通过环境政策影响能源效率、推进绿色低碳发展,是助力我国实现“碳达峰”“碳中和”的关键一环。本文基于环境生产技术,采用至强有效前沿最短距离(MinDS)模型测算城市全要素能源效率;利用双重差分法,实证检验低碳试点城市政策对能源效率的影响,分析影响机制与异质性。研究发现,低碳城市试点政策显著提高了全要素能源效率,经过克服样本自选择、缓解内生性等一系列稳健性检验后,研究结论仍成立。进一步研究发现,试点城市通过优化产业结构和促进技术创新等方式,有效提高了城市能源利用效率;对于要素市场化程度高的城市和资源型城市,该政策对全要素能源效率的提高效果更为显著。本文从更符合能源效率的改进实践角度为全要素能源效率的测算提供新思路;揭示了低碳城市建设对全要素能源效率的影响机制和政策的差异化效应,理论上支撑了政府在推进绿色低碳高质量发展道路上发挥作用。

Promoting green and low-carbon development through environmental policies affecting energy efficiency is a key link in helping China achieve carbon peak and carbon neutral.Based on environmental production technology,we use the Miniumum distance to strong efficient frontier DEA model to estimate urban total factor energy efficiency.We design the quasi-natural experiment of the pilot policy by adopting Differences-in-Difference model,and analyzes the impact mechanism and heterogeneity.The results show that the low-carbon pilot city policy can significantly improve the total factor energy efficiency.The baseline conclusion holds against a series of robustness tests,such as overcoming sample self-selection and mitigating endogeneity.Further research indicates that the pilot cities have effectively improved the urban energy utilization efficiency through optimizing industrial structure and promoting technological innovation.For cities with a high degree of factor marketization and resource-based cities,the policy has a more significant effect on the improvement of total factor energy efficiency.The paper provides new ideas for the measurement of total factor energy efficiency from the perspective of more consistent with the practice of energy efficiency improvement.It reveals the influence mechanism of low-carbon city construction on total factor energy efficiency and the differentiation effect of policies,which theoretically supports the role of the government in promoting green,low-carbon and high-quality development.