近代藏书大家傅增湘科举试卷探析

An Investigation of Fu Zengxiang,a Great Modern Book Collector's Imperial Examination Paper

傅增湘是近代历史文化名人,曾参加晚清科举并考中二甲第六名进士,谋得仕途进身之阶,其乡试、会试硃卷及殿试卷影印件幸得保存至今。傅增湘乡试、会试卷的主体内容是三道“四书”制义题和一首五言试帖诗,主要观点是阐发儒家经典的微言大义。傅增湘殿试卷与清末时政关系密切,针对光绪皇帝提出的储才、经武、柔远、理财四项策问,他条分缕析、贡献策略,体现出经邦济世、文以明道的真知灼见。傅增湘科举试卷既是考察其个人家族世系、科考履历、政治谋略、学术思想的珍贵档案,也是管窥晚清科举制度规范与因时嬗变的重要文献,通过对其进行解读、考辨,有助于深入挖掘傅增湘精神文化遗产,客观评价科举制度的深刻影响。

Fu Zengxiang was a modern historical and cultural celebrity.He participated in the imperial examination of the late Qing dynasty and he took the sixth place in the second highest rank in the imperial examination,which offered him the stepping-stone in his official career.Fortunately,the photocopies of his provincial examination paper,metropolitan examination paper and imperial examination paper written in red have been saved to this day.The main contents of Fu Zengxiang's provincial examination paper and metropolitan examination paper were three questions about The Analects of Confucius,Mencius,The Great Learning and The Doctrine of the Mean,and a poem with five characters to a line.His main point of view is to elucidate the sublime words with deep meaning in Confucian classics.The main content of Fu Zengxiang's imperial examination paper was closely related to the political affairs of the late Qing Dynasty.According to the four tactful questions raised by Emperor Guangxu about the reserve of talents,outfitting troops,appeasing people in remote areas and wealth management,he analyzed and offered the strategies in detail,reflecting his real knowledge and deep insight of governing the country and benefiting people.Fu Zengxiang's imperial examination paper is not only a precious file for examining his personal family lineage,examination resume,political strategy and academic thought,but also an important literature for having a restricted view of the standardization and evolution of imperial examination system in the late Qing dynasty.Interpreting and examining the important literature is helpful to excavate Fu Zengxiang's spiritual and cultural heritage and objectively evaluate the profound influence of the imperial examination system.