美国大地测量基准建设最新进展与启示

Progress and enlightenment of national geodetic datum construction in the United States

大地测量基准为地球空间信息提供统一的参考基准。通过查阅相关的美国政府机构技术报告和学术论文,梳理分析了美国对国家空间参考系统现代化工程的发展规划和采用的技术方法,以期对我国正在推进的测绘基准体系现代化提供借鉴。美国预计在2025年将启用新的几何参考框架和重力位基准,新的参考框架主要通过GNSS测量技术获取点位的几何坐标,完全通过重力测量建立大地水准面模型。WGS 84作为GPS采用的世界大地坐标系,与ITRF保持一致,GPS监测站坐标每年更新,为北斗坐标系更新优化提供了参考。我国未来也应强化重力测量在垂直基准现代化中的作用,适时开展大地水准面坡度验证测量工作。

Geodetic datum provides the unified reference datum for all geospatial information.The United States is in the process of modernizing its National Space Reference System,which development plan and technical methods have been studied through the related technical reports released by U.S.government agencies and academic papers,in order to provide reference for the modernization of surveying and mapping reference system being implemented in China.The new geometric reference frame and geopotential datum will be put into service around 2025.The geometric coordinates of the new reference frame are mainly obtained by GNSS,and the new geoid model completely depends on the gravity survey.WGS 84,the world geodetic coordinate system adopted by GPS,is consistent with ITRF and the coordinates of GPS monitoring stations are updated every year,which provides a reference for the update and optimization of Beidou Coordinate System.The role of gravity survey should be strengthened in the modernization of vertical datum and the geoid slope verification survey should be carried out timely in our country.