前置式皮带夹持输送棉秆起拔机设计与试验

Design and Test of Front Mounted Belt Clamping and Conveying Cotton-stalk Pulling Device

为解决棉秆起拔机拔断率高、起拔后铺放散乱的问题,基于带夹原理设计了一种前置式皮带夹持输送棉秆起拔机。该机关键部件为起拔输送机构,作业时通过皮带将棉秆夹持拔出,随后将其输送至机具一侧,有序铺放到地面上。首先分析棉秆起拔过程中产生漏拔及拔断的原因,其次进行拔秆机理理论分析,确定影响拔秆效果的主要因素及其取值范围。在棉花高度为750 mm、根部直径为10 mm、棉秆含水率为25%~35%的试验地进行正交试验,进一步研究各影响因素对棉秆起拔效果的影响。试验结果表明,优化后的参数组合为机具前进速度2.27 km/h、张紧量71.26 mm、主动轮转速244.98 r/min,此时棉秆拔断率为3.53%,棉秆漏拔率为5.09%。验证试验表明,在参数组合为机具前进速度2 km/h、张紧量70 mm、主动轮转速250 r/min条件下,棉秆拔断率为3.67%,棉秆漏拔率为5.32%,与优化值相对误差均小于5%,证明样机设计合理,满足棉秆整株起拔的作业要求。

In order to realize the recycling of cotton-stalk,it has been an urgent need to develop a cotton-stalk harvester applicable to the mechanical cotton picking and planting model in Xinjiang,so as to advance the whole-process mechanization of cotton harvesting.Aiming at solving the problems of high plucking rate and scattered spreading of cotton stalk in the process of pulling,a kind of front mounted belt clamping and conveying cotton-stalk pulling device was designed based on the principle of belt clamping and conveying.The cotton-stalk pulling device consisted of a front suspension device,dividers,a pulling and conveying device,and a hydraulic system.The pulling and conveying device was the key part of the device.It pulled out cotton stalks by belt clamping,then,the belt transported the stalks to one side of the machine.A quadratic regression orthogonal test with three factors and three levels was carried on,with cotton-stalk leakage rate and cotton-stalk plucking rate as response values,with forward speed,driving wheel speed,and tensional amount as the influence factors,and parameters were optimized.The results showed that the forward speed had significant effect on the cotton-stalk plucking rate,the driving wheel speed and the tensional amount had highly significant effects on the cotton-stalk plucking rate(P<0.01).While the forward speed,the driving wheel speed and the tensional amount had highly significant effects on the cotton-stalk leakage rate(P<0.01).The optimal parameter combination was forward speed of 2.27 km/h,tensional amount of 71.26 mm,and driving wheel speed of 244.98 r/min.According to the result of field verification test,under the working condition of the forward speed was 2 km/h,the tensional amount was 70 mm,and the driving wheel speed was 250 r/min,the cotton-stalk plucking rate was 3.67%and the cotton-stalk leakage rate was 5.32%.The test results showed that the theoretical results were coincident with the measuring results,and the error between them was less than 5%.The study results can provide references for the development and improvement of cotton whole-stalk pulling device.