供应链视角小麦与初加工产品生产水足迹分析

Water Footprint Analysis of Wheat and Derived Products Based on Supply-chain

针对农产品水足迹量化仅关注农田直接耗水,而忽略间接水足迹的问题,基于国际水足迹标准量化框架,结合生命周期法,构建考虑生产资料及其上游产品完整供应链、国际和国内贸易的农产品生产水足迹量化框架,计算2016年中国大陆省级行政区尺度小麦原粮及其初加工产品(面粉和麦麸)的生产水足迹,分析其耗水特征。结果表明:供应链视角下,全国平均小麦生产水足迹为4869 m^(3)/t,生产资料的间接水足迹占比为6%;面粉和麦麸生产水足迹分别为3781 m^(3)/t和11037 m^(3)/t;省级小麦及其初级加工产品生产水足迹的大小与构成存在显著空间异质性,福建省小麦生产间接蓝水足迹占比高达25%。研究结果可为全面解析区域间农业和工业用水投入内在联系,制定合理的配水方案、落实"以水定产"战略提供一定科学依据。

The product water footprint(WF)is defined as the direct and indirect consumption of water resources in the process of product production.The complete water consumption of agricultural products includes the direct water consumption of crops in the field and the indirect consumption of relevant inputs in the crop production supply-chain.However,previous studies on the WF of agricultural products only focused on the direct water consumption in the field.Here,within the framework of WF standard quantification and life cycle method,a quantitative framework for the supply-chain based water footprint(SWF)of agricultural products production that indicated both indirect and direct water consumption along the raw material-to-product chain at an intra-national level was proposed.Then,the SWFs of wheat and its processed products(wheat flour and wheat bran)in China's Mainland’s provinces in 2016 was quantified.Results showed that the national average SWF of wheat production was 4869 m^(3)/t,and the indirect WF related to means of production accounted for 6%of the total SWF of wheat.The SWFs of wheat flour and wheat bran production were 3781 m^(3)/t and 11037 m^(3)/t,respectively.There was significant spatial heterogeneity in the intensity and composition of the SWF of wheat and derived products production,and the contribution of the indirect blue WF of Fujian wheat to the total blue WF reached 25%.The results can provide a scientific basis for comprehensively analyzing the internal relationship between agricultural and industrial water input among regions and for formulating reasonable water resources allocation scheme and implementing the stratagem of“deciding production by water”.