城市社区社会脆弱性的分化形态及其成因分析——基于不同类型社区的实证评估

"Center Edge":Hierarchical Differentiation of Community Social Vulnerability--Based on the Empirical Evaluation of Different Types of Commmmunity

社区是社会运行的基本单元,也是风险治理中的关键环节。城市化进程中,我国社会由于发展不平衡产生了明显的居住空间分异,形成了农村、城中村、单位大院、高档住宅四种不同的社区类型。本文着眼于社区分化中的风险不平等问题,选取典型社区,运用综合评估法对四种类型社区的社会脆弱性进行评估。发现不同类型社区的社会脆弱性呈“中心-边缘”的分化形态,这种分化形态是社会财富与权利在不同社会群体间不平等分配的结果。本文认为在风险治理中应坚持以人民为中心,坚持“最少受益者的最大利益”原则,制定倾向于弱势群体的公共政策,使社会不同群体的社会脆弱性均等化,实现风险分配的公平与正义。

Disaster is the emergence of social system's own vulnerability under the impact of disaster causing factors.Social vulnerability is the basic element that determines the nature and intensity of disaster.Due to the unbalanced development of our society,there are four main community types:rural community,urban village community,unit community and high-end housing.Through the evaluation of the social vulnerability of these four communities,it is found that their social vulnerability is very different,showing a differentiation structure in the form of"center edge".This differentiation structure is the result of the unequal distribution of social wealth and rights among different social groups.In risk management,we should focus on the people and adhere to the principle of"the best interests of the least beneficiaries",formulate public policies that tend to vulnerable groups,equalize the social vulnerability of different groups in society,eliminate the potential opposition of society,and realize the fairness and justice of risk distribution.