组织代偿:理解应急组织网络结构演化与功能实现的新视角

Organizational Compensation:A New Perspective for Understanding the Evolution of Emergency Organization Network Structure and Function Realization

应急组织网络是应急管理系统工程的基础性构件,在承受和消解外化社会风险与突发事件冲击中发挥着关键作用,其效能实现机制日益获得学界关注。本文尝试通过“组织代偿”视角透视组织网络应急响应与恢复的核心过程。首先提出并界定了“应急组织代偿”的内涵,进而根据资源集中程度与组织参与规模两个面向将其划分为原初型、互补型、冗余型与统合型四类组织代偿形式,最后阐述应急组织代偿在应急管理系统工程中的功能地位并重点分析其实现机制。本文从组织互动视角揭示了非常态下应急制度、物资、人员、技术等要素的特定流动与影响规律,并与灾后组织结构相关理论和韧性理论进行了适度对话,为理解应急组织网络的效能实现机制提供一般性解释视角。

Emergency organization networks are the fundamental building blocks of emergency management system engineering,and they play a key role in absorbing and dissipating externalized social risks and emergency shocks,and their effectiveness mechanisms are gaining increasing attention from academics.This paper attempts to introduce the perspective of"organizational compensation"to examine the core process of emergency response and recovery of organizational networks.First,we propose and define the meaning of"organizational compensation for emergency".Then,according to the degree of resource concentration and the size of the organization,it is divided into four types of organizational compensation:primary,complementary,redundant and integrated.Finally,the functional status of emergency organization compensation in emergency management system engineering is explained and its realization mechanism is analyzed.The article reveals the specific flow and influence law of emergency system,material,personnel,technology and other elements in non-stationary state from the perspective of organizational interaction,and makes a moderate dialogue with theories related to post-disaster organizational structure and resilience theory to provide a general explanatory perspective for understanding the effectiveness realization mechanism of emergency organization network.