从商品空间到权利空间:制度化社区空间的再生产——基于湖畔社区“车位之争”的案例分析

From Commodity Space to Rights Space:The Reproduction of Institutionalized Community Space--A Case Analysis Based on the"Parking Spaces Conflict"in the Hu Pan Community

本文以一个特大“福利型”社区车位之争的案例为切入口,基于新马克思主义的空间生产视角,将该事件置于社区空间的生产与再生产情境中,分析自下而上的空间实践如何推动社区空间再生产。研究发现,自下而上的空间实践,主要是从行动者的空间角色和空间治理两个维度推动社区空间再生产。第一,在社区行动中尽管不同行动主体均面临合法性与合理性的两难困境,但是自下而上的空间实践从微观(特殊事件、个体经验)、中观(制度环境、社会情境)和宏观层面(社会结构)寻求社会行动的机会空间,促使行动者从社会性向文化性再到主体化的转变;第二,空间实践促使社区从商品空间转向权利空间,推动政府和市场主导的准制度化空间向政府、市场和社区三者共同治理的制度化空间转变。这一过程并非对既有制度带来挑战,而是推动法律制度从文本走向实践。社区空间实践在改变社区既有权力关系和支配体系的同时,推动社区空间走向法制化,而制度的模糊性依然是实现社区空间正义的主要瓶颈。

Drawing on a case of parking space conflict in a very "welfare-type" community as the entry point,this article placed the event in the context of production and reproduction of community space from the perspective of space production in neo-Marxism,analyzing how bottom-up space practice promotes the reproduction of community space.It was found that the bottom-up space practice promotes the reproduction of community space mainly from the two dimensions of the space role of the actor and the space governance.First,although different actors in community action face the dilemma of legitimacy and rationality,bottom-up spatial practice seeks opportunities for social action from the micro(special events,individual experience),the meso(institutional environment,social context) and the macro level(social structure),which promotes the transformation of actors from social to cultural and then to subjectivity.Second,space practice urges the transformation of communities from commodity space to rights space.This further promotes the transformation of the quasi-institutional space,which is led by the government and the market,to an institutionalized space governed by the government,the market and the community.It was found that instead of challenging current regulation,this process brings the text of laws into practice.The practice of community space changes the existing power relations and domination system of the community.At the same time,it promotes the legalization of the community space.However,the ambiguity of the regulations is still the main bottleneck to achieve community space justice.