元宇宙发展演变及安全风险研究

Research on evolution and security risk of Metaverse

近期元宇宙热潮席卷全球,主要国家和知名企业纷纷布局以争夺未来数字领域话语权,但目前关于元宇宙并没有形成较为统一的标准定义和终极形态描述。我国在促进电子信息产业高质量发展、保障网络空间安全的需求下,亟需科学认识元宇宙的本质特征、演变趋势及安全风险。运用文献调研和情报分析相结合的研究方法,首先基于技术应用迭代、经济商业模式、社会关系作用等核心理念归纳提出了元宇宙的基本概念,根据空间范畴、时空维度、关键技术、虚实交互等演进程度,将元宇宙发展演变依次划分为数据创生、数字仿生、虚拟镜生、虚实共生4个阶段并阐述了各阶段特征及对应形态;接着从创新应用需求、虚拟生活转变、商业价值驱动、政治力量推动等角度,分析了元宇宙广受关注的主要原因;然后针对挑战国家治理体系、冲击主流意识形态、操纵收割资本市场、引发诸多社会问题、误导技术产业布局等方面,重点研判了元宇宙浪潮带来的政治、文化、经济、社会和技术等多重安全风险和威胁。研究建议,目前元宇宙尚处于概念完善和产品探索阶段,应理性把握元宇宙发展机遇,立足我国电子信息产业现状,提前做好风险应对准备,构建数字治理监管体系,激发产业创新开放发展,夯实网络信息安全支撑,营造健康有序国际环境。

Recently,the Metaverse boom has swept the world.To improve the voice in the future digital field,major countries and well-known enterprises have accelerated arrangement of this emerging industry.However,there is no unified definition and ultimate form description of Metaverse.It is urgent to understand the essential characteristics,evolution trend and security risks of Metaverse scientifically,which can promote the high-quality development of China’s electronic information industry and ensure the cyberspace security.With literature research and related information analysis,the definition of Metaverse was put forward based on the core concepts such as technology and application iteration,economic and business model and the role of social relations.Additionally,the development and evolution of Metaverse were divided into four stages(data creation,digital bionics,virtual mirror and virtual-real symbiosis) according to the evolution degree of space category,space-time dimension,key technology and virtual real interaction.And the characteristics and corresponding forms of each stage were expounded.Then it analyzed the main reasons for the popularity of the Metaverse from the perspectives of innovative application demand,virtual life transformation,commercial value driving and political power driving.Focusing on the problems of challenging the national governance system,impacting the mainstream ideology,manipulating the capital market,causing potential social problems and misleading the layout of technology industry,it analyzed the multiple security risks and threats brought by the Metaverse wave from perspectives including politics,culture,economy,society and technology.It is suggested that the Metaverse is still in the stage of concept improvement and product exploration now.China should rationally grasp the development opportunities of the Metaverse based on the current situation of the electronic information industry,prepare for risks in advance,build a digital governance supervision system,stimulate industrial innovation and open development,consolidate the support of network information security,and create a healthy and orderly international environment.