化肥减量配施微生物肥料对垂穗披碱草生长的影响

Effect of reducing chemical fertilizer and substitution with microbial fertilizer on the growth of Elymus nutans

为研究微生物肥料(MF)与化肥(CF)对垂穗披碱草的促生最佳施用配比,通过盆栽试验探究了化肥减量20%和40%分别配施5种剂量(60、90、120、150、180 kg·hm^(-2))微生物肥料对垂穗披碱草农艺性状、根系和营养品质的影响。结果表明:第1茬,80%CF(240 kg·hm^(-2))配施90 kg·hm^(-2)MF,垂穗披碱草株高、茎粗、干草产量较对照(CK)分别提高34.86%、44.83%、3.08%;80%CF配施120 kg·hm^(-2)MF,粗脂肪含量较CK提高22.97%,酸性洗涤纤维(ADF)含量较CK降低6.59%;80%CF配施150 kg·hm^(-2)MF,粗蛋白含量较CK提高36.09%,80%CF配施90 kg·hm^(-2)MF,中性洗涤纤维(NDF)含量降低15.64%。第2茬,80%CF配施60 kg·hm^(-2)MF,垂穗披碱草总根长较CK增加34.77%;80%CF配施90 kg·hm^(-2)MF,株高、茎粗、干草产量和总根表面积较CK分别提高80.43%、66.34%、13.08%和8.66%;80%CF配施120 kg·hm^(-2)MF,粗蛋白和粗脂肪含量、总根体积、地下部鲜重和干重分别较CK提高25.30%、14.61%、45.54%、19.39%和51.04%;80%CF配施180 kg·hm^(-2)MF,ADF和NDF含量分别较CK降低8.13%和8.88%。通过主成分分析,化肥减量20%(240 kg·hm^(-2))与微生物肥料(90 kg·hm^(-2))配施对垂穗披碱草促生效果最好。

This research aimed to identify the ideal ratio of microbial fertilizer(MF)and chemical fertilizer(CF)to promote growth of Elymus nutans.Compared with a typical CF application of 300 kg·ha^(-1),this study explored fertilizer reductions of 20%or 40%(80%CF and 60%CF,respectively)and substitution with MF at rates of 60,90,120,150 or 180 kg·ha^(-1).Effects on agronomic characters,the root system and nutritional quality of E.nutans were evaluated.It was found that at the first harvest,80%CF(240 kg·ha^(-1))combined with 90 kg·ha^(-1) MF increased E.nutans plant height,stem thickness and hay yield by 34.86%,44.83%and 3.08%,respectively compared with CK,while 80%CF combined with 120 kg·ha^(-1) MF increased the crude fat content of plants by 22.97%compared with CK and decreased acid detergent fiber content by 6.59%.80%CF combined with 150 kg·ha^(-1) MF increased plant crude protein content by 36.09% and 80%CF(240 kg·ha^(-1))combined with 90 kg·ha^(-1) MF decreased neutral detergent fiber content by 15.64%.At the second harvest,80% CF combined with 60 kg·ha^(-1) MF increased total plant root length by 34.77% compared with CK;80%CF combined with 90 kg·ha^(-1) MF increased plant height,stem thickness,hay yield and the total root surface area by 80.43%,66.34%,13.08% and 8.66%,respectively;80%CF combined with 120 kg·ha^(-1) MF increased plant crude protein and crude fat content,total root volume,underground fresh weight and underground dry weight by 25.30%,14.61%,45.54%,19.39% and 51.04%,respectively;80%CF combined with 180 kg·ha^(-1)MF reduced acid detergent fiber and neutral detergent fiber content of plants by 8.13% and 8.88%,respectively,compared with CK.Through principal component analysis,the combined application of 20%fertilizer reduction(240 kg CF·ha^(-1))and 90 kg·ha^(-1) microbial fertilizer gave the best growth promotion effect on E.nutans.