基于2012-2018年面板数据的人均卫生费用的聚类分析

Clustering Analysis of Per Capita Health Expenditure Based on 2012-2018 Panel Data

目的:通过聚类了解人均卫生费用的区域分布,基于聚类结果分析不同水平人均卫生费用的影响因素,提出合理化政策建议。方法:选取2012-2018年31省市面板数据,运用k-means聚类的方法,基于聚类结果构建双向固定效应模型,探究不同地区影响我国人均卫生费用的因素,并分析地区差异性。结果:聚类分析结果将31个省、市、自治区分为3类地区,在第二类中等卫生消费地区的人均卫生费用影响因素中,年末人口总数(2.531)、政府卫生支出占卫生总费用比例(-0.504)、每千人口床位数(0.944)三个指标有统计学意义;在第三类低卫生消费地区中,人均GDP(0.315)、政府卫生支出占卫生总费用比例(-0.659)、每千人口床位数(0.801)通过了显著性检验表明对人均卫生费用有影响。结论:提高卫生服务提供的公平性,制定科学的人均卫生费用的目标,对政府卫生支出进行科学化、精细化的管理。

Objective:To understand the regional distribution of per capita health expenditure through clustering,analyze the influencing factors of per capita health expenditure at different levels based on the clustering results,and propose reasonable policy recommendations.Methods:The panel data of 31 provinces from 2012-2018 was selected and k-means clustering was used.Based on results of clustering method,build a two-way fixed effect model to explore the factors that affect China's per capita total health expenditure.Results:Among the influencing factors of per capita total health expenditure in the second category of areas,total population at the end of the year(2.531),government health costs as a proportion of total health costs(-0.504)and number of beds per 1,000 population(0.944)were statistically significant.In the third category of areas,DGP per capita(0.315),the proportion of government health expenditure to total health expenditure(-0.659)and number of beds per 1,000 population(0.801)passed the significance test,which showed that it had an impact on the total health expenditure per capita.Conclusion:The government should raise the disposable income of residents and give consideration to the balanced development of health care in different regions.The government should improve the fairness of health service delivery,set scientific targets for per capita health expenditure,and conduct scientific and refined management of government health expenditure.