全喉切除术后患者气管造瘘口自我护理能力的影响因素研究

Influencing factors of self-care ability of tracheostomy in patients after total laryngectomy

目的分析全喉切除术后患者气管造瘘口自我护理能力的影响因素。方法采用随机抽样方式选取郑州大学第一附属医院2019年1月至2020年1月期间收治的全喉切除术后气管造瘘口患者88例,利用自我护理能力测定量表(ESCA)研究自我护理能力现况,并分析影响因素。结果ESCA评分为(107.08±15.70)分,由高到低分别为自我概念感、健康知识水平、自我护理技能、自我责任感;不同年龄、性别、学历水平、家庭人均月收入、社会支持程度、居住状况、术后并发症状况、婚姻状况、健康感知状况、自我效能感的全喉切除术后气管造瘘口患者ESCA评分存在差异(P<0.05);经多元线性回归模型分析,年龄、性别、学历水平、家庭人均月收入、社会支持程度、术后并发症状况、健康感知状况、自我效能感为全喉切除术后气管造瘘口患者自我护理能力的影响因素(P<0.05)结论全喉切除术后气管造瘘口患者自我护理能力处于中等水平,且年龄、性别、学历水平、家庭人均月收入、社会支持程度、术后并发症状况、健康感知状况、自我效能感为自我护理能力的独立影响因素。

Objective To analyze the influencing factors of self-care ability of tracheostomy in patients after total laryngectomy.Methods A random sampling method was used to select 88 patients with tracheostomy stoma after total laryngectomy in our hospital from January 2019 to January 2020,and the status of self-care ability[Self-care Ability Assessment(ESCA)]was counted.,and analyze the influencing factors.Results ESCA score was(107.08±15.70)points,from high to low were self-concept,health knowledge level,self-care skills,self-responsibility;different age,gender,educational level,per capita monthly income of family,social support,residence There were differences in ESCA scores of patients with tracheostomy stoma after total laryngectomy in terms of status,postoperative complications,marital status,health perception status,and self-efficacy(P<0.05).Education level,per capita monthly income of family,social support,postoperative complications,health perception and self-efficacy are the influencing factors of self-care ability of patients with tracheostomy after total laryngectomy(P<0.05).Conclusion Total laryngectomy The self-care ability of patients with tracheostomy after resection is at a moderate level,and age,gender,education level,per capita monthly income of the family,social support,postoperative complications,health perception,and self-efficacy are the most important factors for self-care ability.independent influencing factors.