矿区土壤质量综合评价指标体系与评估方法

Comprehensive evaluation index system and method of soil quality in mining area

矿区土壤质量管理以综合评估为依据,以定向保育为手段,以消减污染、保持水土、恢复植被和推动土地复垦为目的。研究适用于矿区的土壤质量评价指标体系和评估方法,为全面、系统、科学地评估矿区土壤质量及其演变提供可借鉴的方法体系,提高矿区土壤质量管理水平。根据矿山采选业对环境的影响范围划分了矿区土壤质量评价尺度,从服务土壤质量管理决策角度提出了综合评估技术路线;基于调查访谈、定位观测、抽样监测及遥感监测等数据信息获取手段,构建了涵盖土地资源潜力、土壤生态保育质量、环境质量、生产力质量、健康质量共5个方面的适用于矿山全寿命周期的土壤质量综合评价指标体系和评估方法,搭建了综合评估体系框架。基于空间尺度视角的评估有助于揭示矿区土壤质量状况及其演变过程和机制,从5个方面综合量度有助于全面、系统、科学地评估矿区土壤质量状况,而合理的评估流程能提升评估工作成效,更好地服务于矿山土壤质量管理。

Soil quality management in the mining area is based on comprehensive assessment and targeted conservation,its purpose is to reduce pollution,conserve water and soil,restore vegetation and promote land reclamation.In order to provide a reference method system for comprehensive,systematic and scientific evaluation of soil quality and its evolution in the mining area,the soil quality evaluation index system and evaluation method suitable for the mining area are studied.According to the impact range of the mine on the environment,the evaluation scale of soil quality in the mining area is divided,and the technical route of comprehensive evaluation is put forward from the point of serving soil quality management decision.Obtain data information through investigation and interview,positioning observation,sampling monitoring and remote sensing monitoring,the evaluation index system and method of soil quality suitable for mines are constructed,which covers land resource potential and soil conservation,environmental,productivity,health.And the framework of soil quality assessment system is established.The research shows that the evaluation based on spatial scale to reveal the soil quality status and its evolution process and mechanism,and comprehensive measurement from five aspects is helpful to comprehensively,systematically and scientifically evaluate the soil quality.Reasonable evaluation process can improve the effectiveness of assessment and better serve the soil quality management.