落后国家向社会主义过渡理论的历史演进

Historical Evolution of the Theory of Transition from Backward Countries to Socialist Countries

马克思主义关于落后国家向社会主义过渡理论有一个从提出到发展的历史演进过程。马克思、恩格斯设想:落后国家在一定条件下可以跨越资本主义制度的“卡夫丁峡谷”;列宁论证:落后国家必须通过迂回曲折的道路才能过渡到社会主义社会;中国探索:落后国家可以通过和平渐进的方式向社会主义过渡,通过稳步发展的方式推进“初级阶段”社会主义建设。马克思主义关于落后国家向社会主义过渡理论在继承的基础上不断发展,构成了一脉相承的理论体系。特别是中国的探索,不仅丰富和发展了马克思主义关于落后国家向社会主义过渡理论,而且在实践中具体回答了马克思主义为什么“行”的问题。

The Marxist theory of the transition from backward countries to socialist countries has a historical evolution process from its proposal to its development and perfection.Marx and Engels envisaged that backward countries could cross“the Caudine Canyon”of the capitalist system under certain conditions;Lenin demonstrated that backward countries must pass a tortuous path before their transition to socialist societies;China's exploration:backward countries can transit to socialist countries through a peaceful and gradual way,and promote the construction of“primary stage”socialism through steady development.The Marxist theory of the transition from backward countries to socialist countries has developed continuously on the basis of inheritance,and has constituted a theoretical system of the same origin.In particular,China's practice has not only enriched and developed the Marxist theory of the transition from backward countries to socialist countries,but also specifically answered the question why Marxism work in practice.