露天煤矿排土场重构土壤改良及其评价指标

Soil improvement and evaluation index of dump reconstruction in open-pit coal mine

为了探究露天煤矿重构土壤的改良方式的筛选和评价方法,对露天煤矿重构土壤改良的基本原则和评价方法进行归纳总结,对重构土壤改良评价指标进行分析。结果表明:重构土壤改良的总体原则应降低密度、提高孔隙度、减少砾石含量和黏粒含量,提高土壤氮磷钾含量,合理控制土壤C/N;排土场重构土壤改良效果评价指标应包含理化性质指标和生物指标;物理性质指标可选取机械组成、密度、孔隙度、田间持水量等指标;化学性质可选取各种形态的氮、磷、钾等指标;生物指标可以选取植物的长势指标以及植物整体盖度、生物量、郁闭度等方面选取评价指标,同时从微观角度可以选取土壤酶;为更精确掌握土壤微环境情况应选用16s-rDNA测序、18srDNA和ITS测序的方法进行重构土壤评价。

In order to explore the selection and evaluation methods of soil reconstruction in open-pit coal mine,this article summarizes the basic principles and evaluation methods of soil reconstruction in open-pit coal mine,and analyzes the evaluation indexes of soil reconstruction. The results show that the general principle of reconstructive soil improvement is to reduce bulk density, increase porosity, reduce gravel and clay content, increase soil nutrient, phosphorus and potassium content, and rationally control soil C/N. The evaluation indexes of soil improvement effect of dump reconstruction should include physical and chemical properties indexes and biological indexes. The physical properties indexes can select mechanical composition, bulk density,porosity,field water holding capacity and other indexes,and the chemical properties indexes can select various forms of nitrogen,phosphorus,potassium and other indexes. Biological indexes can be selected from plant growth index,plant overall coverage,biomass,canopy closure and other aspects,and soil enzymes can be selected from the microscopic perspective. In order to more accurately grasp the soil microenvironment,16S-RDNA sequencing,18S-RDNA sequencing and ITS sequencing methods should be used for soil reconstruction evaluation.