基建矿山爆炸事故中通风保障研究

Study on ventilation guarantee in explosion accident of capital construction mine

矿山基建期间井下生产系统不完善,矿井通风网路不成熟,给井建工程推进带来诸多阻碍。针对该类矿山爆炸事故中突出的原通风系统损坏、毒害气体超标、井筒能见度低、新风送给困难等实际通风问题,以山东省栖霞笏山金矿“1·10”爆炸事故为例,对现场实施的快速组织局部通风、抽调负压风筒优化通风方案、矿井情况探知、气体浓度测算、强送新风及利用钻孔组建自然通风网络等多种通风保障措施进行总结和分析。实践结果表明:合理的矿井通风保障是井上救援工作展开的必要条件,同时也是维持井下被困人员生命体征、降低毒气侵蚀的基础要素。依托一线实际条件的通风策略,实时调整与多专业多工种的协同合作,为通风保障措施的顺利施行提供了重要支撑。在救援实践中的积极反思与积累,对进一步完善类似事故中的通风保障体系、建立健全基建矿山灾害预防机制具有十分重要的现实意义。

During the period of mine infrastructure construction, the underground production system is not perfect and the mine ventilation network is not mature, which brings many obstacles to the promotion of shaft construction projects.In view of the actual ventilation problems highlighted in this kind of mine explosion accidents, such as the damage of the original ventilation system, the excessive toxic gas, the low visibility of the shaft, and the difficulty of sending fresh air, taking the “1·10” explosion accident of Hushan Gold Mine in Qixia, Shandong Province as an example.The rapid organization of local ventilation, the optimization of ventilation scheme by pumping negative pressure air duct, the detection of mine conditions, the calculation of gas concentration various ventilation guarantee measures such as forced fresh air supply and the establishment of natural ventilation network by drilling are summarized and analyzed.The practice results show that reasonable mine ventilation guarantee is not only a necessary condition for the development of underground rescue work, but also a basic element to maintain the vital signs of trapped people and reduce the erosion of toxic gas.Relying on the ventilation strategy under the actual conditions of the front line, real-time adjustment and cooperation with multiple disciplines and types of work provide important support for the smooth implementation of ventilation guarantee measures.The positive reflection and accumulation in the rescue practice is of great practical significance to further improve the ventilation guarantee system in similar accidents and establish and improve the disaster prevention mechanism of capital construction mines.