德意志中世纪环境史研究文献综述

An Overview of Environmental History Research on Medieval Germany

环境问题古来有之,古希腊罗马时期就存在诸多环境问题,到中世纪时已十分突出,从而影响到生态系统安全乃至人类社会的发展进步。20世纪70年代末,西方中世纪环境史研究即已开始,德意志中世纪环境史也由此展开,至90年代渐趋成熟。这些研究主要涵盖中世纪环境史理论、气候环境史、自然景观史、自然灾害史、农业环境史、城市环境史、森林环境史、矿山开采和金属冶炼引发环境问题、动植物环境史、医疗环境史等方面。对德意志中世纪环境史研究的文献综述,可为国内德国环境史研究提供参考。

Environmental problems have existed since ancient times.They appeared in large numbers in ancient Greece and Rome,and became very prominent in the Middle Ages,thus affecting the security of the ecosystem and the development and progress of human society.The study of the environmental history of the Middle Ages in the West began at the end of the 1970s when the research on environmental history of the German Middle Ages also began and gradually matured in the 1990s.These studies mainly cover the theories of medieval environmental history,climatic environment history,natural landscape history,natural disaster history,agricultural environment history,urban environment history,forest environment history,environmental problems caused by mining and metal smelting,flora and fauna environment history,medical environment history,etc.The literature review of the research on German medieval environmental history can provide a reference for the domestic research on German environmental history.