赫伯特·马尔库塞审美解放思想探赜——人与自然双重解放的审美之维

A Probe into Herbert Marcuse’s Aesthetic Emancipation:The Aesthetic Dimension of the Double Liberation of Man and Nature

赫伯特·马尔库塞的审美解放思想作为美学与解放理论相结合的一个重要维度,既来源于对前人理论成果的合理承继,也立足于对发达工业社会的现实批判。针对资本主义的肯定文化、技术理性与消费异化对人与自然的极端控制,马尔库塞主张培育人们具有批判否定能力的“新感性”,重构本应造福于人类的“新技术”,呼吁人道地对待自然,并按照美的规律塑造自然。其根本宗旨在于将人的感性和自然界从资本主义社会的压抑下解放出来,建立一个人与自然和谐共处的新社会。

Herbert Marcuse’s aesthetic emancipation thought,as an important dimension of the combination of aesthetics and emancipation theory,comes from the reasonable inheritance of the previous theoretical achievements,and is also based on the realistic criticism of the developed industrial society.Aiming at the extreme control of human and nature by capitalism’s affirmative culture,technological rationality and consumption alienation,Marcuse advocates cultivating people’s“new sensibility”,an ability to criticize and negate,reconstructing“new technologies”that should benefit mankind,appealing to people to treat nature humanely and shape nature according to the laws of beauty.Its fundamental purpose is to liberate human sensibility and nature from the oppression of capitalist society and establish a new society in which human beings and nature coexist in harmony.