西辽河流域历史早期的文化景观格局

Cultural landscape pattern during the early historic period in the West Liaohe River Basin

考古发现表明 ,西辽河流域自历史早期以来 ,先后演绎了多期文化 ,文明一直延续至今。本文根据大量的野外考古调查资料 ,在典型考古遗址、教来河流域、敖汉旗三个空间尺度上建立了本区历史早期文化景观的DEM模型 ,分析了赤峰全境历史早期文化遗址点的水平分布格局 ,从四个不同的空间尺度探讨了西辽河流域历史早期文化景观的演变过程 ,概括出本区历史时期文化景观垂向变迁和水平变迁两种模式 ,为进一步深入研究本区人地系统的相互作用机制提供了基础。

The West Liaohe River Basin is a typical ecotone and eco-vulnerable zone in northern China. Shaped by the long-term human's overuse, regional eco-environment in West Liaohe River Basin was seriously destroyed, which has threatened the harmonious and sustainable development of future human and nature relationships. Archeological studies show multifold cultures had evolved in this typical area since Holocene and civilization has been lasted through to present. By using GIS software, the authors first build DEM model of the study area and cultural landscape layers of different phases during the early historic period.They then overlay them to create DEM model of cultural landscapes of the early historic period, which distinctly revealed the relationships between distribution of cultural landscapes and natural landscape. All the analyses are based on four different spatial scales, which are typical archaeological site, Jiaolaihe River Valley, Aohan Banner and Chifeng area. Based on these studies, this paper identifies the basic evolving modes of the vertical change and horizontal change of the cultural landscapes during the earlier historic period of Holocene in West Liaohe River Basin. At the smaller scales of the three typical archaeological sites and Jiaolaihe River Basin, cultural landscapes mainly showed vertical change, including vertical expansion and downwards migration. Vertical changes of cultural landscapes had close relationships with cultural development, changes of production modes and life styles, and evolution of geomorphic landscapes. Evolution of the geomorphic landscapes, especially the river terraces, was an important driving factor. Configuration of small or middle scales of landform units and water sources, development of river systems, and combination of landform units directly influenced the formation of cultural landscapes at these scales. At the larger scales of Aohan Banner and Chifeng area, cultural landscapes mainly showed horizontal change. From Xiaohexi Culture to Hongshan Culture, cultures of this region were in expansion period, mainly featuring the spatial expansion of cultural scales. During Xiaoheyan Culture period, culture was in a period of contraction. After Xiaoheyan Culture period, culture of this region entered into a new expansion period again. Heterogeneity of regional natural landscape shows great influence on the formation of cultural landscape patterns during the earlier historic period.