一流高校博士后管理制度实施成效、困境与优化路径--基于博士后个体视角的混合研究

The Implementation Effect,Dilemma and Optimization Path of Postdoctoral Management System in First-class Universities:Mixed Method Research based on the Perspective of Individual Postdoctoral Fellows

采用聚敛式平行设计的混合方法,通过问卷调查与访谈法洞悉一流高校博士后管理制度的实施效果与困境,结果表明:从具象个体视角看,博士后管理制度有助于促进学术资本积累、提高科研成果产出、塑造卓越学术品质、满足自我实现需求、提高经济收益。但制度运作过程也面临多重困境,如人才引进功利化、浮躁化和工具化,个体价值被湮灭;博士后角色定位不明晰,行政性事务繁琐;学术交流平台不健全,造成"单兵作战"和"学术孤岛"现象;科研经费资助渠道单一,资助力度空间差异大;科研决策秉持"就近原则",放弃突破"舒适区"。造成博士后管理制度困境的根源在于,不同劳动力市场博士后与一流高校的利益"耦合"与"脱耦"。因此,建议宣扬博士后主体性地位,优化顶层设计与管理模式,加大科研资助力度,疏通人才培养与晋升机制,激发科研创新活力。

Using the mixed method of convergent parallel design,the implementation effect and predicament of the postdoctoral management system in first-class universities are analyzed through questionnaires and interviews.The results showed that,from the perspective of concrete individuals,the post-doctoral management system can promote academic capital accumulation,improve scientific research output,shape outstanding academic quality,meet the needs of self-actualization,and improve economic benefits.However,the process of system operation also faces multiple dilemmas.First,the utilitarian,impetuous and instrumentalization of talent introduction cause the annihilation of individual value.Second,the role of postdoc is not clear and the administrative affairs are tedious.Third,the academic exchange platform is not perfect,resulting in individual combat and academic island.Then,the channel of scientific research funding is single and the spatial difference of funding intensity is large.Last,scientific decision-making should adhere to the nearest principle and give up breaking through the comfort zone.The cause of the predicament of postdoctoral management system lies in the convergence and decoupling of the interests of postdoctoral students and first-class universities in different labor markets.Therefore,it is suggested to promote the subjectivity of postdoc,to optimize the design and management mode,to increase the intensity of scientific research funding,to form the mechanism of personnel training and promotion,and to stimulate the vitality of scientific research innovation.