论德国环境刑法的法益观

On the Legal Interest Concept of German Environmental Criminal Law

德国环境刑法的法益观大致经历了“强人类中心主义法益观→弱人类中心主义法益观→生态人本主义法益观”的发展路径。当前为了规制环境风险,德国刑法基于生态人本主义法益观而对人的法益和生态法益加以保护。为此,一方面规定了大量危险犯特别是抽象危险犯,使环境刑法的法益保护大大提前;另一方面,为了避免刑事处罚早期化过度延伸,又通过比例原则对生态法益进行限缩,仅在损害风险逾越社会可容忍界限时才加以处罚。我国应适度借鉴德国经验,稳步推进环境刑法的法益观走向生态人本主义法益观,并以比例原则和相关标准对生态法益进行限缩。

The legal interest concept of German environmental criminal law has roughly experienced the development path from strong human centered interest through weak human centered interest to ecological humanism interest.To regulate environmental risk,German criminal law utilizes the concept of ecological humanism interest to protect human centered interests and ecology interests.Therefore,on the one hand,a large number of potential damage offenses,especially abstract potential damage offenses,are stipulated.This greatly brings forward the protection of legal interests in environmental criminal law.On the other hand,in order to avoid the excessive extension of early imposition of criminal penalty,ecology interests are limited by proportion principle,and the punishment will be imposed only when the risk of damage exceeds the limits of social tolerance.It is necessary to moderately learn from German experience and steadily push forward the concept of legal interest of environmental criminal law to the concept of ecological humanism interest,and limit ecology interests with proportion principle and relevant standards.