真空断路器动态特性仿真与最优化设计

Dynamic Characteristics Simulation and Optimal Design of Vacuum Circuit Breaker

为了对真空断路器进行优化设计,应用机械系统动力学自动分析软件ADAMS(automatic dynamic analysis of mechanical systems)根据断路器实物模型搭建了断路器虚拟样机模型,并对其进行了动态仿真,仿真与实验结果对比验证了模型的正确性。对仿真结果进行了动态特性分析,得到了动触头位移、速度曲线。同时提出了影响断路器样机分闸弹跳幅度的3种因素,即缓冲弹簧的刚度系数、分闸弹簧的预载荷和曲轴臂质量,研究了这三种因素对分闸弹跳幅度的影响。通过64次实验,给出了实验结果性能的评价方案,并得到其最优结果。最终优化模型将分闸结束时间从54.7 ms降到48.5 ms,时间缩短了11.33%;触头的弹跳幅度从1.254 mm降低到1.002 mm,降幅达到20.1%。

To optimize the design of a vacuum circuit breaker,its virtual prototype model was built by using the software of automatic dynamic analysis of mechanical systems(ADAMS)on the basis of its physical model,and the dynamic simulation was carried out.The comparison between simulation and experimental results verified the validity of the virtual prototype model.The displacement and velocity curves of the moving contact were obtained through the analysis of dynamic characteristics in the simulation results.At the same time,three factors affecting the opening bounce of the circuit breaker prototype were put forward,i.e.,the stiffness coefficient of contact spring,preload of opening spring,and quality of crankshaft arm.The influences of these three factors on the amplitude of opening bounce were studied.Finally,64 experiments were carried out,and an evaluation scheme for the performance of experimental results was given,according to which the optimal experiment results were obtained.Based on the optimized model,the closing time was reduced from 54.7 to 48.5 ms,with a decrease of 11.33%.The contact bounce was reduced from 1.254 to 1.002 mm,with a decrease of 20.1%.