缓控释肥组配对早熟籼稻作为中稻-再生稻栽培模式产量和氮肥利用率的影响

Effects of combined controlled released nitrogen fertilization on yield and nitrogen use efficiency of mid-season rice-ratoon rice in early-maturing indica hybrid rice

【目的】探讨中稻季不同种类缓控释肥及组配对长江上游杂交籼稻中稻—再生稻产量和氮肥利用率的影响,筛选出适合的缓控释肥及施肥方式,为长江上游再生稻的丰产高效生产提供理论依据和实践基础。【方法】以杂交籼稻广8优粤禾丝苗为试验材料,中稻季设6个施肥处理,分别为中稻再生稻全生育期不施氮肥处理(CK)、传统施肥模式(CF)、4个月树脂包膜尿素一次性基施处理(B-PCU)、缓释掺混肥一次性基施处理(B-SRFB)、4个月树脂包膜尿素一基一蘖处理(BT-PCU)和缓释掺混肥一基一蘖处理(BT-SRFB)。对比分析各处理的产量及产量构成因素、干物质积累量、叶片SPAD值和氮肥利用效率的差异。【结果】中稻产量为6.8~8.9 t/ha,表现为BT-SRFB>B-SRFB>CF>BT-PCU>B-PCU>CK,其中B-SRFB和BT-SRFB处理的中稻产量较CK显著提高(P<0.05,下同),但缓控释肥处理与CF处理差异不显著(P>0.05,下同);再生稻产量为1.5~2.6 t/ha,表现为BT-SRFB>B-SRFB>BT-PCU>B-PCU>CF>CK,各施肥处理的再生稻产量均较CK显著提高,且缓释掺混肥BT-SRFB和B-SRFB处理显著高于CF处理;不同施肥方式中,中稻、再生稻产量均表现为一基一蘖施肥>一次性基施。缓控释肥处理中稻拔节期、抽穗期群体干物质积累量与CF处理差异不显著,但在成熟期表现为一基一蘖施肥处理显著高于一次性施肥和传统施肥;再生稻抽穗期、成熟期各施氮处理间群体干物质积累量差异不显著。缓控释肥施用提高了中稻—再生稻两季氮肥偏生产力、氮肥农学效率和氮肥吸收利用率,以BT-SRFB处理增幅最高,与CF处理相比,BT-SRFB处理的氮肥偏生产力提高5.5 kg/kg,氮肥农学利用率提高5.5 kg/kg,氮肥生理利用率提高0.6 kg/kg,氮肥吸收利用率提高24.4%。【结论】长江上游杂交籼稻广8优粤禾丝苗在中稻—再生稻种植模式中,采用缓释掺混肥并配合一基一蘖施肥方式更有利于提高中稻—再生稻群体产量和氮肥利用效率。

【Objective】This field experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of different types of slow and controlled release fertilizers and combinations with urea on the mid-season indica hybrid rice-ratoon rice yield,nitrogen use efficiency.The study aimed to screen suitable slow and controlled release fertilizers and fertilization methods,and to provide theoretical and practical basis for high yield and high efficiency production of ratoon rice in the upper reaches of the Yangtze River.【Method】With indica rice Guang 8 Youyuehesimiao(G8YYHSM)as material,an experiment was conducted with six fertilization treatmentsin the mid-season of indica hybrid rice,included no nitrogen application in mid season and ratoon season(CK),conventional split fertilization(CF),4 months single fertilization of polymer-coated urea(B-PCU),single fertilization of slow-release fertilizer blend(B-SRFB),4 months base-tiller N fertilizer of polymercoated urea(BT-PCU),base-tiller N fertilizer of slow-release fertilizer blend(BT-SRFB).The differences of yield and yield components,dry matter accumulation,leaf SPAD value and nitrogen use efficiency of different treatments were compared and analyzed.【Result】The yield of mid-season rice was ranged from 6.8 to 8.9 t/ha,with the order of BT-SRFB>B-SRFB>CF>BT-PCU>B-PCU>CK.The yield of mid-season rice in B-SRFB and BT-SRFB treatments was significantly higher than that in CK(P<0.05,the same below),but there was no significant difference between slow and controlled release fertilizer treatment and CF treatment(P>0.05,the same below).The yield of ratoon rice was ranged from 1.5 to 2.6 t/ha,with the order of BT-SRFB>B-SRFB>BT-PCU>B-PCU>CF>CK.The results showed that the yield of fertilizer treatment was significantly increased compared with CK,and the yield of BT-SRFB and B-SRFB was significantly higher than that of CF.In terms of fertilization methods,the yield of medium and ratoon rice of base-tiller nitrogen fertilizer treatments were higher than that ofsingle fertilization.There was no significant difference indry matter weight at jointing and heading stage between slow and controlled release fertilizer treatment and CF.But dry matter weight at maturing stage of base-tiller nitrogen fertilizer treatment was significant higher than that of single fertilization and conventional split fertilization.There was no significant difference in dry matter weight between different nitrogen treatments at heading and maturing stages of ratoon rice.Compared with CF treatment,the slow and controlled release fertilizer treatments increased nitrogen partial factor productivity(PFP),agronomic efficiency(AE)and recovery efficiency(RE)in mid-season and ratoon rice,and the BT-SRFB showed the highest increase range.Compared with CF treatment,the BT-SRFB treatment increased the PFP,AE,physiological efficiency(PE)and RE by 5.5 kg/kg,5.5 kg/kg,0.6 kg/kg and 24.4%,respectively.【Conclusion】In conclusion,base-tiller nirogen fertilizer of combined slow-release fertilizer application can improve grain yield and fertilizer-nitrogen use efficiency of the early-maturing indica hybrid rice G8YYHSM across midseason and ratoon season in the upper Yangtze River.