由“势”到“适”:教育回归人性的逻辑起点与实践路径

From“Potential”to“Adaptability”:the Logical Starting Point and Practical Path of Education Returning to Human Nature

“势”是中国传统文化中的一个重要哲学概念。从中国哲学视角进行阐释,“势”具有四重内涵,即“势”是事物本身固有的可能性、倾向与必然趋势,是事物发展、变化的动态运动过程,其运动状态、速度与方向等受“势”的变化过程中各参与要素的影响,是不断变化、发展、转化,出现新的可能性与趋势的螺旋式上升过程。基于人性固有之“势”的变化、生长的实然样态,教育回归人性的逻辑起点与实践路径应当是:应势而动,尊重学生生命之“势”,做到教育“适性”;顺势而为,把握学生向学之“势”,做到教育“适时”;因势而新,留有教育空白,达到学生成长的“适意”状态。在把握何为“势”的内涵上,应通过“应势”“顺势”及“造势”实现教育“适性”“适时”与“适意”,助力学生达到“从心所欲不逾矩”的理想生命状态。

“Potential”is an important philosophical concept in traditional Chinese culture. Elucidated from the perspective of Chinese philosophy,“potential”has four connotations.“Potential”is the inherent possibility,tendency and inevitable trend of things;it is the dynamic movement process of things’ development and change;its movement state,speed and direction are affected by the participating elements in the process of “potential”change;and it is a spiral rising process that keeps changing,developing,transforming and generating new possibilities and trends. Based on the facts of change and growth of “potential”inherent in human nature,the logical starting point and practical path for educationto return to human nature are as follows:moving in accordance with the trend and respecting the“potential”of individual life to achieve the “suitability”of education;acting in accordance with the trend and grasping the students’ learning trend,and achieving the“timeliness”of education;and innovating in accordance with the trend and leaving a gap in education to achieve the “appropriate”state of students’ growth. In grasping the meaning of“potential”,we should help students to reach the ideal life state of “do as they please”by achieving the“suitability”,“timeliness”,and“appropriateness”of education through “moving in accordance with the trend”,“following the trend”,and“creating the trend”.