CNI模型视角下道德决策的性别差异及其跨文化比较

Gender Difference and Cross-cultural Comparison of Moral Decision-making from the CNI Perspective

西方学者提出道德决策的CNI模型,克服了传统道德决策理论无法量化、不能描述心理过程、决策情境缺乏现实性以及将道义论和功利论倾向相互对立的局限。为探讨该模型对中国群体的适用性、中国群体在道德决策中的性别差异以及中西方不同文化背景下道德决策中的性别差异,采用道德决策两难故事对中国群体进行施测,并对所收集的343份中国被试数据与Gawronski等人的研究数据进行了对比。结果显示:1.道德决策CNI模型同样适用于中国群体;2.中国女性群体在进行道德决策时对结果和规范的敏感性均强于男性,两者都偏好作为;3.西方男性群体对道德结果的敏感性要强于中方,但对道德规范的敏感性要弱于中方,中国男性群体在作为偏好上稍高;4.中西方女性群体对道德结果和规范的敏感性都比较强,中国女性群体更偏好作为。研究启示:1.今后可以继续采用道德决策CNI模型对中国群体进行更深入的研究;2.要重视我国女性力量的崛起和被西化而过于功利的潜在风险,还要继续保持我国群体对作为的崇尚和追求;3.要正确看待不同文化背景下群体的道德决策倾向,在今后与西方群体进行有关道德范畴的交往和互动时,要把握住西方男性比起规范更看重结果,而西方女性既明确规范,又重视结果这一规律。

The CNI model of moral decision-making proposed by Western scholars has overcome the restrictions of traditional moral decision-making theories.Traditional moral decision-making theories cannot be quantified,they are incapable of describing psychological processes,their decision-making situations lack feasibility,and they tend to set deontological theories against utilitarian theories.In order to explore the applicability of the model to Chinese communities,the gender difference of Chinese communities in moral decision-making,and the gender difference of moral decision-making in Western and Oriental cultural backgrounds,stories of dilemma in moral decision-making are employed to test the Chinese subjects.The 343 data collected from Chinese subjects are compared with the research data of Gawronski et al.The findings are as follows:1)The CNI model of moral decision-making is applicable to Chinese communities.2)The sensibility of Chinese female colony to result and norm in ethical decisionmaking surpasses that of the male colony,both preferring actions.3)While the sensibility of Western male colony to moral result surpasses that of their Chinese counterpart,their sensibility to moral norms falls behind that of their Chinese counterpart;the Chinese male colony displays a slightly higher tendency for actions.4)Both the Chinese and Western female groups have a high sensibility to moral result and moral norm,but the Chinese group is more inclined to actions.The revelations of the research are as follows:firstly,the moral decision-making CNI model can be further used to do more in-depth research of Chinese communities.Secondly,attention shall be paid to the rising of Chinese female power and the potential risk of excessive utilitarianism in Westernization;the Chinese communities’admiration and pursuit of action shall be maintained.Thirdly,the moral decision-making tendency of a community with a different cultural background shall be properly treated;in future communications and interactions with Western communities in terms of morality,the rule shall be abided that Western males prefer result to norm and Western females uphold both.