美国高校研究生学术不端治理模式与启示

The Governance Patterns of Graduate Students’Academic Misconduct in the US and Enlightenment to China

研究生学术不端治理是美国高等教育改革与发展的重要议题,并在长期发展中形成了宏观层面的政府约束、中观层面的专业调控与微观层面的院校自我规制的三种主要模式。同时,自我规制模式中镶嵌着院校监管、导教融合、学生自律三种子模式。虽然建立了较为完备的治理体系,但是美国高校依然面临着治理的高度复杂性、惩戒与教育之间的平衡、导师带给研究生附带损伤等多重挑战。参考美国的治理经验与教训,我国研究生教育改革应当建构政府—协会—大学密切协同的研究生学术不端治理共同体,将治理重点放在预防与教育之上,并着力培育学术诚信文化。

The governance of graduate students’academic misconduct is an important issue in the reform and development of higher education in the USA.Three main patterns have taken shape in its long development,that is,government restraint on the macro level,professional regulation and control on the middle level,and collegiate self-regulation on the micro level.The self-regulation pattern of colleges further comprises the following three sub-patterns:collegiate supervision,integration of guidance and instruction,and students’self-discipline.In spite of the relatively complete governance system,the US colleges and universities are still faced with multiple challenges including the high complexity of governance,the balance between punishment and education,and the collateral damage to postgraduates by their supervisors.Based on the experience and lessons of US governance,China shall establish a community for shared governance of postgraduates’academic misconduct featuring close cooperation between the government,professional associations,and universities.The focus of governance shall fall on prevention and education,and strive for cultivating a culture of academic integrity.