滑坡隐患类型与对应识别方法

Types of Potential Landslide and Corresponding Identification Technologies

基于"三查"体系的滑坡隐患综合遥感识别工作已在全国范围推广应用并取得一定成效,但随着工作的推进,也暴露出一些亟待解决的问题,比如隐患究竟如何定义、有哪些类型、有何针对性的识别技术和方法,以及下一步工作重点是什么等。总结大量实践案例,进一步明确了滑坡隐患的定义,并将滑坡隐患分为正在变形区、历史变形破坏区和潜在不稳定斜坡3类,提出了针对不同类型滑坡隐患的识别技术和方法。正在变形区主要利用光学遥感和合成孔径雷达干涉测量(interferometric synthetic aperture radar,InSAR)技术相结合进行识别,历史变形破坏区可利用光学遥感和机载激光雷达技术(light detection and ranging,LiDAR)进行识别,而潜在不稳定斜坡靠遥感和传统调查手段很难识别,需大力发展航空-半航空物探技术,快速查明斜坡地下结构,尤其是基覆界面空间展布和地下水状况,通过稳定性的量化分析来圈定危险区域和具体部位。

Objectives:Integrated remote sensing application based on the space-air-ground investigation system has been promoted nationwide and has achieved certain results.However,as the work progresses,some urgent problems have been exposed,such as how to define hidden hazards and what types of them,what are the targeted identification technologies,and what is the focus of the next step,etc.Methods:By summarizing a large number of practical cases,the definition of hidden landslide hazards is further clarified.Potential landslides are divided into three categories:Deformation area,historical deformation failure area and potentially unstable slope,and we propose targeted identification techniques for different types.Results:The deformation zone is mainly identified by combining multi-temporal high resolution optical images and synthetic aperture radar interferometry technology(InSAR),high-resolution optical remote sensing images and light detection and ranging(LiDAR)can be used in the historical deformation and destruction region.Conclusions:Potential unstable slopes are difficult to identify by remote sensing and traditional artificial investigations.It is necessary to vigorously develop aerial and semi-aerial geophysical prospecting technology to identify the underground structure of the slope quickly,especially the spatial distribution of the base-cover interface and the groundwater status,and delineate dangerous areas through quantitative analysis of stability.