从小说到戏曲:对越剧《红楼梦》跨文本改编路径的考察

From Novel to Xiqu:A Study on the Adaptation Skills of Yue Opera A Dream of Red Mansions

从小说到越剧,徐进对《红楼梦》的跨文本改编,主要遵循三个步骤:第一,根据剧种选小说,将女子越剧的哀婉深沉和红楼爱情故事的缠绵悱恻相结合,实现越剧改编与原著风格的高度匹配,这是越剧《红楼梦》走向成功跨出的重要一步;第二,根据立意选主线,从原著繁复的头绪中抽取出一条能够最大限度表达原著主旨精神的线索,确立以宝黛爱情为叙事主线,将爱情悲剧和反封建精神糅合在一起;第三,依据主线选情节,从黛玉进府着手,设置种种情节矛盾,清楚交代宝黛爱情的发展线索,并通过“泄密”“焚稿”“哭灵”三场戏将故事推向高潮。这三个“选择”既概括了徐进创作越剧《红楼梦》的经过,也为以小说为素材的戏曲改编提供了可资借鉴的经验。

From novel to Yue Opera,Xu Jin’s cross-style adaptation of A Dream of Red Mansions mainly follows three steps: Firstly,according to the selection,it combines the pathos of the women’s Yue Opera and the love story of the Red Mansions,so as to achieve the highly matched style of the Yue Opera adaptation with the original work,which is an important step towards the success. Secondly,according to the main idea,it extracts a maximum expression on the spirit of the main clue from the complicated clue of the original work,sets Bao&Dai’s love as the narrative line,blends the love tragedy and anti-feudal spirit together. Thirdly,it chooses the plot according to the main line,starting from Daiyu’s entry,it sets up a variety of plot contradictions,clearly explains the development of Bao&Dai’s love clues,and pushes the climax through three scenes of“divulge a secret”,“burning manuscript”and“crying soul”. These three“choices”not only summarize the process of Xu Jin’s creation of the Yue Opera A Dream of Red Mansions,but also provide useful experience for the opera adaptation based on the novel.